| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,460,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,260,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The corolla tube length of Isodon shikokianus shows geographical variation, corresponding with the proboscis length of two bumblebee pollinator species. We hypothesized that altitudinal variation in the pollinator assemblage is a principal factor mediating morphological and genetic differentiation among I. shikokianus populations. The differentiation in corolla tube length was explained by altitudinal difference. However, visitation frequency of two bumblebee species vary among years and pollination effectiveness do not depend on correspondence between the lengths of the flower corolla and the mouthparts of the bumblebees. Genetic distance was explained by altitudinal differentiation and relative frequency of two bumblebee species. These results suggest that floral and genetic divergence of I. shikokianus occurred in different altitude range, and the altitudinal cline of corolla tube length was a result of secondary contact between the long and short corolla populations.
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