| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,330,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,230,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The relationship between lose-win of male combat and memory was examined in the broad horned beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus. Experience-dependent tactics of males trying to gain access to females were examined. Losing decreased a male's rate of fighting for four days, and few defeated males fought any males. The experience of losing not only decreased a male's aggressiveness but also switched the male behavior from fighting to dispersal from the fighting arena. The volume of ejaculation by loser males increased when they met a female and copulated with her. In Riptortus pedestris, male combat behavioral patterns changed during a day.
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