| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,460,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,260,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
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| Research Abstract |
This study examined whether butterflies can learn two modalities, i.e., color and odor, during foraging for flowers. The first experiment revealed that Peris rapae butterflies can learn floral odor by dual conditioning of reward and punishment. The second experiment revealed that they also can learn floral odor by reward conditioning alone. The third experiment revealed not only that butterflies can learn floral color and odor simultaneously, but also that they can enhance the abilities to discriminate flowers by learning two modalities rather than one modality.
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