Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
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Research Abstract |
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), serum indoxyl sulfate is elevated. Therefore, the present study examined what molecules are activated and expressed by indoxyl sulfate, and how indoxyl sulfate promotes CKD. Indoxyl sulfate activated ERK, p38, JNK, NF-?B, p53, Stat3, and CREB in proximal tubular cells. In addition, the expression of NOX4, TGF-?1, Smad3, ?-SMA, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and angiotensinogen was upregulated. Current study demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate induced macrophage infiltration, cellular senescence, and fibrosis through activation and expression of above-mentioned factors in process of CKD progression.
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