| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between children and the existing educational systems surrounding them, depicted in late nineteenth century American literature. Beginning with the common school movement of Horace Mann in the 1840s, American educators have consistently worked for the gradual opening of educational opportunities to children not belonging to the white upper-class family. This research aims to shed new light on late nineteenth century American novels as historical documents, which reflect the contemporary writers' reactions and perception of educational trends during those times.
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