| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Research Abstract |
This study investigated the following two questions regarding languages with classifiers, i.e. words such as ko and tsu in Japanese. First, while the classifier ko in ik-ko no ringo in Japanese is obligatory, the classifier is not obligatory in its Malay equivalent. Why is there such a grammatical difference between the two language types? Second, in languages with classifiers, bare noun forms (e.g. gakusei) can refer to either singular or plural entities. At the same time, they also have noun forms that specifically express plural reference such as gakusei-tachi. How are these two forms distinguished, and what mechanism is involved to make the co-existence of the two distinct noun forms possible?
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