| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Educational and social basis in introducing oral method in schools for the deaf in Japan during Pre-war Showa era and its historical meaning were explored. The educational basis was considered in three points: development of theory in instructing language for the deaf, nationwide teachers circle, and training and placement system of oral-oriented teachers at Tokyo School for the Deaf. The social basis was considered in two points: the enactment of law for school for the blind and the deaf in the Taisho year 12 enabled prefectural administration, and the growing expectations of families for earlier education for their deaf children. Introduction of oral method had to face with the problem of "inferior students," which meant there was estrangement between theory and practice. The introduction process also had negative influences on the autonomy of the deaf. The introduction process of oral method and its historical meanings in Japan seemed to have similarities with other countries.
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