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Research on a high-power magnetic nozzle plasma thruster

Research Project

Project/Area Number 23H05442
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Broad Section C
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

高橋 和貴  東北大学, 工学研究科, 准教授 (80451491)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 鷹尾 祥典  横浜国立大学, 大学院工学研究院, 准教授 (80552661)
永岡 賢一  核融合科学研究所, 研究部, 教授 (20353443)
江本 一磨  筑波大学, 数理物質系, 特任助教 (10967227)
Project Period (FY) 2023-04-12 – 2028-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2024)
Budget Amount *help
¥203,190,000 (Direct Cost: ¥156,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥46,890,000)
Fiscal Year 2025: ¥36,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥28,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥8,400,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥62,660,000 (Direct Cost: ¥48,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥14,460,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥40,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥30,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,240,000)
Keywordsプラズマ / 磁気ノズル / 電気推進 / 高周波プラズマ / プラズマ揺動 / 電子反磁性効果 / ヘリコンスラスタ
Outline of Research at the Start

本研究では,大電力作動時においても長寿命化が期待される電気推進機である,無電極磁気ノズルプラズマ推進機に関連して,磁気ノズル中のプラズマ流の物理現象と性能向上を含んだ総合的な研究を実施する.これにより,次世代宇宙輸送技術の道を切り拓く.宇宙空間で推力を発生するためには,閉ループ構造を形成する磁力線からプラズマ流を離脱する必要があり,最大の物理課題とされている.特に磁化条件にある電子の離脱過程を誘発する必要がある.本研究では,磁気ノズルプラズマ中の不安定性・乱流が駆動するプラズマ離脱現象の検証により,プラズマ離脱を含めた高効率・無電極プラズマ推進機の室内実験による大電力作動実証を目指す.

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

2023年度は,本研究におけるプラズマ離脱現象の検証や,宇宙空間を模擬した条件での推進機性能評価に使用する直径1.5m,長さ4m程度の真空容器を有するSPT-X装置の建設を進め,真空排気設備等の整備を実施し,10-4Paの高真空を得ることが出来た.またプラズマ流評価に使用する3軸プローブ駆動系を真空容器内に設置し,次年度以降のプラズマ詳細計測を実施可能な状態とした.
また既存のMega-HPT装置において磁気ノズル中の電場および密度揺動計測を実施し,これらのクロススペクトル解析を実施したところ,40kHz帯のコヒーレントな揺動が電子の内向き輸送を誘起していることを明らかにし,磁気ノズルからのプラズマ離脱現象に有用な輸送現象を誘発していることを示した.また,Mega-HPT装置内部に25チャンネルプローブアレイを導入し,揺動の二次元構造を構築可能な信号を収集し,次年度以降のデータ解析に必要なデータを得た.
推進機性能評価においては,ソレノイドを用いたカスプ磁場をプラズマ発生部に形成することで推進性能30%を得ることに成功し,この性能向上が,磁場構造に起因するプラズマ損失の抑制によるものであることを示した.一方で,ソレノイドコイルに要する電力が将来的に問題になるため,永久磁石を用いたカスプ磁場形成に関する設計・試作を行い,小型実験装置において試験的な実験を行った.
また,磁気ノズル中の電子反磁性効果のみによって推力が発生するのかという学術的な問いに対し,電場を排除した実験系を構築し,反磁性磁場の精密計測と電子エネルギー確立関数の計測を行ったところ,僅か数%の高エネルギー電子が反磁性効果の主要な役割を担っており,さらにその効果によって推力が発生することを実験的に実証した.

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

研究計画に沿って,SPT-X装置の整備と性能向上に関する実験を進めており,現時点で最高性能である推進効率30%が安定して得られるようになっており,さらに永久磁石を用いたスラスタ試作や試験運転を実施している.また,基礎的な実験も実施し,磁気ノズル効果に関して,高エネルギー電子による反磁性効果による推力発生が主要な推力発生源であることを実験的に実証できた.以上の状況を鑑み,おおむね順調に進展しているといえる.

Strategy for Future Research Activity

初年度に建設したSPT-X装置において,20kW級の高周波電源や計測系および推力評価装置を導入し,推進機の大電力化と推進性能評価を進める予定である.また高性能化に関しては,直径14cm級の大口径スラスタを試作し,性能評価を進める.所望の性能が得られない場合には,プラズマパラメータ計測や高周波電磁場計測によってエネルギー吸収・損失の特性を検討し,その知見を基に高性能化へと挑戦する.
また揺動が誘発する電子輸送現象に関しては,揺動の断面分布を評価可能な信号を収集したため,このデータ群を解析することで,揺動構造の同定や輸送特性の評価を実施する.
さらに本スラスタの技術展開として,宇宙ゴミ除去用装置としての技術展開を検討しており,そのための基礎実験も並行して推進することを検討している.

Report

(3 results)
  • 2023 Abstract ( PDF )   Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (49 results)

All 2024 2023 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (5 results) Journal Article (15 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Peer Reviewed: 15 results,  Open Access: 6 results) Presentation (28 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 18 results,  Invited: 4 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] オーストラリア国立大学(オーストラリア)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] オークランド大学(ニュージーランド)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ソウル大学(韓国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] カルロスIII世大学(スペイン)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ドイツ航空宇宙局(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Experimental investigation on magnetic field strength providing thrust saturation in a magnetic nozzle radiofrequency plasma thruster2024

    • Author(s)
      Takahashi Kazunori、Sumikawa Soya
    • Journal Title

      Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

      Volume: 66 Issue: 1 Pages: 015012-015012

    • DOI

      10.1088/1361-6587/ad1124

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Effect of a permanent-magnet-induced cusp field on a magnetic nozzle radio frequency plasma thruster2024

    • Author(s)
      Nakahama Yugo、Takahashi Kazunori
    • Journal Title

      AIP Advances

      Volume: 14 Issue: 1

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0186991

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Modelling a thrust imparted by a highly ionized magnetic nozzle rf plasma thruster2024

    • Author(s)
      Takahashi Kazunori
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Plasma Physics

      Volume: 90 Issue: 2

    • DOI

      10.1017/s0022377824000266

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Temporally resolved measurement of a force induced by a pulsed water-fueled magnetron sputtering source2024

    • Author(s)
      Shimizu Sota、Takahashi Kazunori
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Plasma Physics

      Volume: in press

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Measurement of a force imparted to a magnetic nozzle by electron diamagnetism2024

    • Author(s)
      Sumikawa Soya、Takahashi Kazunori
    • Journal Title

      Physics of Plasmas

      Volume: 31 Issue: 3

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0192917

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Experimental study of the effect of geodesic curvature on turbulent transport in magnetically confined plasma2024

    • Author(s)
      Nishimoto S、Nagaoka K、Nakata M、Yoshimura S、Tanaka K、Yokoyama M、Nunami M、Tokuzawa T、Suzuki C、Seki R、Yoshinuma M、Motojima G、Ida K、Suzuki Y
    • Journal Title

      Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

      Volume: 66 Issue: 4 Pages: 045010-045010

    • DOI

      10.1088/1361-6587/ad27f0

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Langmuir-probe measurement through the plasma grid aperture of hydrogen negative ion source2024

    • Author(s)
      Rattanawongnara E.、Osakabe M.、Tsumori K.、Nakano H.、Nagaoka K.、Ikeda K.、Takeiri Y.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Instrumentation

      Volume: 19 Issue: 02 Pages: C02037-C02037

    • DOI

      10.1088/1748-0221/19/02/c02037

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Magnetic Nozzle Radiofrequency Plasma Systems for Space Propulsion, Industry, and Fusion Plasmas2023

    • Author(s)
      TAKAHASHI Kazunori、CHARLES Christine、BOSWELL Rod W、EMOTO Kazuma、TAKAO Yoshinori、HARA Shiro、NAKANO Haruhisa、NAGAOKA Kenichi、TSUMORI Katsuyoshi
    • Journal Title

      Plasma and Fusion Research

      Volume: 18 Issue: 0 Pages: 2501050-2501050

    • DOI

      10.1585/pfr.18.2501050

    • ISSN
      1880-6821
    • Year and Date
      2023-06-30
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Kinetic electron cooling in magnetic nozzles: experiments and modeling2023

    • Author(s)
      Kim June Young、Chung Kyoung-Jae、Takahashi Kazunori、Merino Mario、Ahedo Eduardo
    • Journal Title

      Plasma Sources Science and Technology

      Volume: 32 Issue: 7 Pages: 073001-073001

    • DOI

      10.1088/1361-6595/acd71c

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Radial profile control of a magnetically expanding plasma and its impact on a plasma thruster2023

    • Author(s)
      Sumikawa Soya、Takahashi Kazunori
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 62 Issue: SL Pages: SL1001-SL1001

    • DOI

      10.35848/1347-4065/acc3a3

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Enhanced diamagnetism by energetic tail electrons in a magnetized plasma2023

    • Author(s)
      Takahashi Kazunori、Charles Christine、Boswell Rod W.
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Research

      Volume: 5 Issue: 2

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevresearch.5.l022029

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Effect of rf driving frequency on peripheral high energy electrons in a magnetically expanding plasma reactor2023

    • Author(s)
      Nakul Thanatith、Nakahama Yugo、Takahashi Kazunori
    • Journal Title

      AIP Advances

      Volume: 13 Issue: 8

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0166423

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Characterization of a radiofrequency linear plasma device in uniform and convergent magnetic fields2023

    • Author(s)
      Takahashi Kazunori、Teranishi Yume
    • Journal Title

      Plasma Sources Science and Technology

      Volume: 32 Issue: 12 Pages: 125004-125004

    • DOI

      10.1088/1361-6595/ad0fb0

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Comparison of vacuum-immersed helicon thrusters terminated by upstream magnetic and physical walls2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazunori Takahashi
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

      Volume: 56 Issue: 47 Pages: 475207-475207

    • DOI

      10.1088/1361-6463/acef36

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Helicon waves in a converging-diverging magnetoplasma2023

    • Author(s)
      Filleul F、Caldarelli A、Takahashi K、Boswell R W、Charles C、Cater J E、Rattenbury N
    • Journal Title

      Plasma Sources Science and Technology

      Volume: 32 Issue: 11 Pages: 115015-115015

    • DOI

      10.1088/1361-6595/ad0b96

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Plasma dynamics in a magnetic nozzle radiofrequency plasma thruster2024

    • Author(s)
      Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      ISPlasma2024/IC-PLANTS2024/APSPT-13
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Electron beam extraction from an inductively coupled radiofrequency plasma source2024

    • Author(s)
      Kodai Kikuchi, Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      ISPlasma2024/IC-PLANTS2024/APSPT-13
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Effect of gas injection pattern on magnetically expanding rf plasma thruster2024

    • Author(s)
      Yugo Nakahama, Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      ISPlasma2024/IC-PLANTS2024/APSPT-13
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Features of helicon waves in a non-uniform magnetic field2023

    • Author(s)
      Felicien Filleul, Antonella Caldarelli, Kazunori Takahashi, Rod Boswell, Christine Charles, Nicholas Rattenbury, John Cater
    • Organizer
      The 49th European Conference on Plasma Physics
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Fundamental studies and applications of magnetic nozzle plasma2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases XXXVth edition,
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Cross-field inward electron transnport in a magnetic nozzle rf plasma thruster2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazunori Takahashi, Christine Charles, Rod W Boswell
    • Organizer
      The second International Fusion and Plasma Conference (iFPC 2023) and the 13th International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement (OS 2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Performance assesment of a pulsed gaseous water-fueled magnetron sputtering source for a compact electric propulsion device2023

    • Author(s)
      Sota Shimizu, Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      The second International Fusion and Plasma Conference (iFPC 2023) and the 13th International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement (OS 2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Evaluation of a magnetic nozzle plasma thruster performance with a cusp magnetic field provided by a permanent magnets array2023

    • Author(s)
      Yugo nakahama, Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      The second International Fusion and Plasma Conference (iFPC 2023) and the 13th International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement (OS 2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Electron-oriented thrust component in a magnetic nozzle2023

    • Author(s)
      Soya Sumikawa, Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      The second International Fusion and Plasma Conference (iFPC 2023) and the 13th International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement (OS 2023)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Magnetic nozzle rf plasma thruster: performance improvement and electron detachment2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazunori Takahashi, Christine Charles, and Rod W Boswell
    • Organizer
      7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Experimental demonstration of diamagnetism enhanced by energetic electrons in a magnetic nozzle plasma2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazunori Takahashi, Christine Charles, and Rod W Boswell
    • Organizer
      7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Operating a magnetron sputtering electric propulsion device with a pulsed gaseous water propellant2023

    • Author(s)
      Sota Shimizu, Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Effect of a cusp magnetic field provided by a permanent magnet array on a magnetic nozzle plasma thruster performance2023

    • Author(s)
      Yugo nakahama, Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Demonstrating a thrust generation by electrons in a magnetic nozzle rf plasma thruster2023

    • Author(s)
      Soya Sumikawa, Kazunori Takahashi
    • Organizer
      7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 磁気ノズル中の高エネルギー電子による反磁性効果の検証2023

    • Author(s)
      高橋和貴,Christine Charles, Rod W Boswell
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第78回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 永久磁石アレイによるプラズマ損失抑制とヘリコンスラスタの性能改善の検証2023

    • Author(s)
      中濵友吾, 高橋和貴
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第78回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 磁気ノズル中のプラズマダイナミクスと宇宙推進2023

    • Author(s)
      高橋和貴
    • Organizer
      第40回 プラズマ・核融合学会 年会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 小型電気推進システムの開発~Water-Fueled Sputtering Propulsion~2023

    • Author(s)
      清水颯太,高橋和貴
    • Organizer
      第40回 プラズマ・核融合学会 年会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 電子反磁性効果による推力発生の実証2023

    • Author(s)
      角川颯哉,高橋和貴
    • Organizer
      第40回 プラズマ・核融合学会 年会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 磁気ノズル中の内向き電子離脱を駆動する波動構造計測2023

    • Author(s)
      高橋和貴,Christine Charles, Rod Boswell
    • Organizer
      2023年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] カスプ型磁気ノズル高周波スラスタ内部の電子温度分布評価とターゲット計測2023

    • Author(s)
      中濵友吾,高橋和貴
    • Organizer
      2023年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 水燃料スパッタリング推進機に関する室内実験2023

    • Author(s)
      清水颯太,高橋和貴
    • Organizer
      2023年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 負イオンシース境界の硬さ2023

    • Author(s)
      永岡賢一、濱嶋大河、津守克嘉、中野治久、長壁正樹、波場泰昭、高橋和貴、宮本賢治、W. Kraus, U. Fantz, E. Rattanawongnar
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第78回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Effects of high-energy electrons on the low- and high-temperature plasma expansion in the divergent magnetic fields2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazuma Emoto, Satoshi Togo, Yoshinori Takao, Kazunori Takahashi, Mizuki Sakamoto
    • Organizer
      7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A preliminary kinetic study on plasma flow in open magnetic systems using a quasi-one-dimensional particle-in-cell model2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazuma Emoto, Satoshi Togo, Yoshinori Takao, Kazunori Takahashi, Isao Katanuma, Mizuki Sakamoto
    • Organizer
      Global Plasma Forum
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Preliminary Kinetic Analyses of Open Magnetic Systems for Low- and High-Temperature Plasmas2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazuma Emoto, Satoshi Togo, Yoshinori Takao, Kazunori Takahashi, Mizuki Sakamoto
    • Organizer
      The 2nd International Fusion and Plasma Conference & The 13th International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Particle-in-Cell and Monte Carlo Collision Simulations of Laboratory Plasma and Analysis of Plasma Expansion in Magnetic Nozzles2023

    • Author(s)
      Kazuma Emoto, Kazunori Takahashi, Yoshinori Takao
    • Organizer
      34th IUPAP Conference on Computational Physics
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 磁気ノズルスラスタにおける高エネルギー電子輸送のPIC-MCC解析2023

    • Author(s)
      江本 一磨, 高橋 和貴, 鷹尾 祥典
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第78回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] Plasma Dynamics and Propulsion Laboratory (PDPL)

    • URL

      https://sites.google.com/tohoku.ac.jp/pdp-lab

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2023-04-13   Modified: 2025-04-17  

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