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科学的モデリングによる気象レーダの高解像度化

Research Project

Project/Area Number 23K21027
Project/Area Number (Other) 21H01592 (2021-2023)
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund (2024)
Single-year Grants (2021-2023)
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 25030:Disaster prevention engineering-related
Research InstitutionOsaka University

Principal Investigator

牛尾 知雄  大阪大学, 大学院工学研究科, 教授 (50332961)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 黒田 大貴  長岡技術科学大学, 工学研究科, 助教 (20868731)
楠 研一  気象庁気象研究所, 台風・災害気象研究部, 室長 (40354485)
菊池 博史  電気通信大学, 宇宙・電磁環境研究センター, 准教授 (40783105)
和田 有希  大阪大学, 大学院工学研究科, 助教 (40879144)
吉川 栄一  国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 航空技術部門, 主任研究開発員 (70619395)
北原 大地  立命館大学, 情報理工学部, 助教 (20802094)
Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2025-03-31
Project Status Declined (Fiscal Year 2024)
Budget Amount *help
¥14,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,420,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥2,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
Keywords気象レーダ / フェーズドアレイ / 圧縮センシング / レーダ / 気象 / フェイズドアレイ
Outline of Research at the Start

局地的な豪雨や竜巻など,地球温暖化や都市化の進行と共に,気象災害の防止に対する社会的な重要度は年々増している.こうした大気現象の3 次元構造を把握できる気象レーダは,その予報や警報発出に関する基盤的システムであるが,より高頻度・高解像度・高精度な次世代気象レーダが求められている.高頻度,高精度については,偏波フェーズドアレイレーダによって達成されているが,高解像度に関しては課題として残っている.本研究では,圧縮センシング理論等の最新の科学的モデリング手法を適用することによって,その高解像度化を理論的,実験的に検討し,竜巻や豪雨の予測改善・雨量精度向上の評価を行う.

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

畳み込みニューラルネットワークのU-Net を用いて,フェーズドアレイ気象レーダで観測したレーダ反射因子を入出力とした三次元深層降水ナウキャスト手法を検討した.三次元データをチャネル方向に格納することで,入力は 6 チャネルの三次元データとなり,U-Net のエンコーダ部とデコーダ部で活性化関数を LeakyReLU とした三次元畳み込みを繰り返すことで,出力シーケンス(5 チャネルの三次元データ)を算出した.10 分後の降雨領域(10 dBZ 以上)の出力結果を PR 曲線で評価した結果,各モデルが同様の精度で良好に予測を行っており,その中でも時間重みのみ WMAE モデルが Precision と Recall のバランスが最も良いことが確認された.二値分類に基づく指標において,観測値の閾値と予測値の閾値を等しく設定した場合,降雨領域においては各モデルの性能にほとんど差がないことが確認された.一方,強雨領域においては降水量重みをつけたモデルは Precision 以外の指標が改善された.特に WMAE モデルは重み無し MAE モデルと比べて、Recall を約 0.18 改善した.更に、F 値が最良となる予測値の閾値を比べることで,降水量重みを乗じたモデルでは強雨の過小予測がほとんど起こっていないことが分かった.結果,WMAE モデルは降雨領域の予測精度を保ちつつ,強雨領域の予測バランスを大きく改善できることを示した.これらの統計的な性質は,出力結果を比べることで視覚的にも確認でき,特に WMAE モデルは高度 5 km 以上の対流性降雨の発達をより正確に捉えることができることが示された.

Research Progress Status

令和5年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和5年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (18 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021

All Journal Article (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 6 results,  Open Access: 1 results) Presentation (12 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 12 results,  Invited: 4 results)

  • [Journal Article] Mitigation of Ground-Clutter Effects by Digital Beamforming With Precomputed Weighting Matrix for Phased Array Weather Radar2024

    • Author(s)
      Wada Yuuki、Takata Yutaka、Kikuchi Hiroshi、Kitahara Daichi、Yoshikawa Eiichi、Shimamura Shigeharu、Ushio Tomoo
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

      Volume: 62 Pages: 1-14

    • DOI

      10.1109/tgrs.2024.3357879

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Convex estimation of sparse-smooth power spectral densities from mixtures of realizations with application to weather radar2023

    • Author(s)
      H Kuroda, D Kitahara, E Yoshikawa, H Kikuchi, T Ushio
    • Journal Title

      IEEE

      Volume: 11 Pages: 128859-128874

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A Primer on Phased Array Radar Technology for the Atmospheric Sciences2022

    • Author(s)
      Robert Palmer, David Bodine, Pavlos Kollias, David Schvartzman, Dusan Zrnic, Pierre Kirstetter, Guifu Zhang, Tian-You Yu, Matthew Kumjian, Boonleng Cheong, Scott Collis, Stephen Frasier, Caleb Fulton, Kurt Hondl, James Kurdzo, Tomoo Ushio, Angela Rowe, Jorge Salazar-Cerrento, Sebastian Torres, Mark Weber, Mark Yeary
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

      Volume: 103 Issue: 10 Pages: E2391-E2416

    • DOI

      10.1175/bams-d-21-0172.1

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Nonlinear beamforming based on group-sparsities of periodograms for phased array weather radar2022

    • Author(s)
      D. Kitahara, H. Kuroda, A. Hirabayashi, E. Yoshikawa, H. Kikuchi, and T. Ushio
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

      Volume: 60 Pages: 1-19

    • DOI

      10.1109/tgrs.2022.3154118

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Compressive Sensing to Reduce the Number of Elements in a Linear Antenna Array With a Phased Array Weather Radar2022

    • Author(s)
      Kikuchi Hiroshi、Hobara Yasuhide、Ushio Tomoo
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

      Volume: 60 Pages: 1-10

    • DOI

      10.1109/tgrs.2022.3152998

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Adaptive Beamforming Using Steering Vector Correction for Phased-Array Weather Radar2021

    • Author(s)
      H. Kikuchi, E. Yoshikawa, T. Ushio, and Y. Hobara
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

      Volume: - Pages: 8419-8426

    • DOI

      10.1109/jstars.2021.3106002

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Development and Observation of the Phased Array Radar - New Frontier in Weather Radar -2023

    • Author(s)
      Tomoo Ushio, Yuuki Wada, Eiichi Yoshikawa
    • Organizer
      2023 XXXVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Sparsity-smoothness-aware power spectral density estimation with application to phased array weather radar2023

    • Author(s)
      H Kuroda, D Kitahara, E Yoshikawa, H Kikuchi, T Ushio
    • Organizer
      ICASSP 2023-2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Ideas for Radar Data Denoising and Fusion Based on Image Processing Techniques2023

    • Author(s)
      D Kitahara, Y Wada, T Mega, E Yoshikawa, H Kikuchi, T Ushio
    • Organizer
      2023 XXXVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 3D Precipitation Nowcasting Method Using U-Net with Weighted Mean Absolute Error Loss,2023

    • Author(s)
      S Tanaka, D Kitahara, T Ushio, Y Wada, P Baron
    • Organizer
      AGU Annual Meeting 2023 Poster
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Dual-Polarization Weather Radar Simulator Considering Raindrop Variability Caused by Atmospheric Turbulence2023

    • Author(s)
      F Hino, D Kitahara, Y Wada, T Ushio, T Iguchi, E Yoshikawa, H Kikuchi
    • Organizer
      AGU Annual Meeting 2023 Poster
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Fast Digital Beamforming Technique to Reduce Ground-clutter Effect for Phased Array Weather Radar2023

    • Author(s)
      Y. Wada et al.,
    • Organizer
      AGU Annual Meeting 2023 Poster
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Thunderstorm Observation by the Phased Array Weather Radar2022

    • Author(s)
      牛尾 知雄
    • Organizer
      AOGS2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] ガンマ線を発生させる北陸冬季雷の総観場解析2022

    • Author(s)
      和田 有希
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] High-energy Atmospheric Physics in Winter Thunderstorms of Japan2022

    • Author(s)
      和田 有希
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting 2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Observation of two downward terrestrial gamma-ray flashes with very-high-frequency waveform recordings2022

    • Author(s)
      和田 有希
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting 2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Phased Array Radar Development and Observation2021

    • Author(s)
      Ushio, T.
    • Organizer
      RadMet
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Ground clutter mitigation of the Phased Array Weather Radar with digital beam forming technique2021

    • Author(s)
      Ushio, T., H. Kikuchi, T. Mega, E. Yoshikawa, D. Kim
    • Organizer
      URSI GASS 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2024-12-25  

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