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Study on mechanisms of immune and tissue tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Research Project

Project/Area Number 23K21439
Project/Area Number (Other) 21H02944 (2021-2023)
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund (2024)
Single-year Grants (2021-2023)
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 54010:Hematology and medical oncology-related
Research InstitutionHokkaido University

Principal Investigator

豊嶋 崇徳  北海道大学, 医学研究院, 教授 (40284096)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 冨塚 一磨  東京薬科大学, 生命科学部, 教授 (40444640)
山田 勇磨  北海道大学, 薬学研究院, 教授 (60451431)
Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2025-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2024)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,960,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
KeywordsGVHD / 炎症記憶 / 造血幹細胞移植 / 腸幹細胞 / 疲弊T細胞 / GVL / CAR-T / カルシニューリン阻害剤 / 幹細胞 / 白血病 / 慢性GVHD / ミトコンドリア / R-Spondin / Gilteriinib
Outline of Research at the Start

造血幹細胞移植は白血病などの根治的治療であるが、移植片対宿主病(GVHD)と移植後再発が最大の問題である。本研究では我々のこれまでの研究結果に基づき、新たな視座である「免疫寛容」と「組織寛容」の観点から、GVHDと再発の制御法を開発する。免疫系ではT細胞疲弊に至るT細胞分化のプロセスの解明と、白血病細胞免疫逃避を阻止する治療法を開発し、組織寛容を高める方策として、Lgr5+腸幹細胞を標的とした幹細胞増殖因子R-Spondinの組織特異的送達を可能とする組織移行性抗体との複合バイオロジクス創薬とナノ創薬によるT細胞機能と組織感受性の修飾法を開発する。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

前年までに示した同種造血幹細胞移植マウスモデルにおけるsingle cell RNA seq(scRNAseq)解析によってカルシニューリン阻害薬(CNI)投与によって誘導されるtransitory exhausted T cell (t-Tex)の詳細を解析した。CNI投与によってドナーT細胞のC1、C10クラスターが増加した。C1クラスターは疲弊関連遺伝子(Tox, Pdcd1など)が低発現である一方エフェクター関連遺伝子(Gzmb, Cx3Cr1, Ly6cなど)が高発現であるCD8+t-Texであり、C10クラスターはCD4+t-Texと考えられた。scTCRseq解析ではこれらはoligoclonalであり、CNI投与によるアロ応答性T細胞のクローン性増殖によるものであると考えられた。これらCD8+t-Tex、CD4+t-Texに共通する細胞表面マーカーとしてLy6cを同定した。これらはCNI中止後も長期間残存し、stemnessの性格が認められた。またCNI投与後に抗PD-L1抗体を投与したところT細胞機能、殺細胞性が増強し、GVHDの増悪、GVL効果の増強がみられた。これらの結果から、GVHD予防のCNIによってドナーT細胞のアロ応答性が維持され、慢性GVHD、GVL効果を誘導することが示された。またCAR-T細胞の機能低下にフェロトーシスが関与していることを明らかにし、フェロトーシス阻害剤Fer-1をCAR-T製造培養系に添加することでTCF-1+ stem-like CAR-T細胞が増加し、殺細胞活性の増強を認めた。マウスへの投与実験ではより長期の生存が確認できた。臓器特異的GVHD治療開発のための組織特異的デリバリー創薬については、抗HER2ヒト化抗体4D5-scFv、抗マウス/ヒトGPA33ヒト抗体G9-scFv、抗マウス/ヒトEpCAMヒト抗体Ep203-scFvの作成が完了した。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

世界に先駆けてCNI投与が慢性GVHD、GVL効果の発現に関連するメカニズムを示すことができ、新たなGVHD予防法開発の基盤データとなり、国際的にも注目され、各種国際学会で招待講演を行った。CAT-Tの機能低下にフェロトーシスが関与することも世界に先駆けた発見であり特許申請できた。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

臨床への展開を行う。CNI-induced t-Texについては臨床検体での研究を開始した。マウスとの同様のscRNAseq、scTCRseq解析を行い、CNI投与によって誘導されるクラスターの詳細な解析を行う。CAR-T細胞機能増強にはdeferoxamineを用いフェロトーシスへの影響を検討する。組織デリバリー創薬については作製できた抗体をオーガノイド培養系およびin vivoでの局在を検討する。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (43 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (5 results) Journal Article (9 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Peer Reviewed: 9 results,  Open Access: 8 results) Presentation (27 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 19 results,  Invited: 13 results) Patent(Industrial Property Rights) (2 results) (of which Overseas: 1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Novartis Institute, Biomedical Research/Piothera SAS(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Southern California(米国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Zurich University/Novartis Institute, Biomedical Research/Piothera SAS(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Regensburg University/University of Cologne/University of Freiburg(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Paris/APHA Hospital Saint Louis(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] R-Spondin1 protects gastric stem cells and mitigates gastric GVHD in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation2024

    • Author(s)
      Hayase Eiko、Ara Takahide、Saito Yumika、Takahashi Shuichiro、Yoshioka Kosuke、Ohigashi Hiroyuki、Ogasawara Reiki、Yokoyama Emi、Yamakawa Tomohiro、Ebata Ko、Hasegawa Yuta、Tomizuka Kazuma、Teshima Takanori
    • Journal Title

      Blood Advances

      Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Pages: 725-731

    • DOI

      10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011034

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Calcineurin inhibitor inhibits tolerance induction by suppressing terminal exhaustion of donor T cells after allo-HCT2023

    • Author(s)
      Senjo Hajime、Harada Shinpei、Kubota Shimpei I.、Tanaka Yuki、Tateno Takahiro、Zhang Zixuan、Okada Satomi、Chen Xuanzhong、Kikuchi Ryo、Miyashita Naoki、Onozawa Masahiro、Goto Hideki、Endo Tomoyuki、Hasegawa Yuta、Ohigashi Hiroyuki、Ara Takahide、Hasegawa Yoshinori、Murakami Masaaki、Teshima Takanori、Hashimoto Daigo
    • Journal Title

      Blood

      Volume: 142 Issue: 5 Pages: 477-492

    • DOI

      10.1182/blood.2023019875

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Mocravimod, a Selective Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator, in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Malignancy2023

    • Author(s)
      Dertschnig Simone、Gergely Peter、Finke Jurgen、Schanz Urs、Holler Ernst、Holtick Udo、Socie Gerard、Medinger Michael、Passweg Jakob、Teshima Takanori、Stylianou Christos、Oehen Stephan、Heim Dominik、Bucher Christoph
    • Journal Title

      Transplantation and Cellular Therapy

      Volume: 29 Issue: 1 Pages: 41.e1-41.e9

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jtct.2022.10.029

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Decreased Paneth cell α-defensins promote fibrosis in a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet-induced mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via disrupting intestinal microbiota2023

    • Author(s)
      Nakamura Shunta、Nakamura Kiminori、Yokoi Yuki、Shimizu Yu、Ohira Shuya、Hagiwara Mizu、Song Zihao、Gan Li、Aizawa Tomoyasu、Hashimoto Daigo、Teshima Takanori、Ouellette Andre J.、Ayabe Tokiyoshi
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 3953-3953

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-023-30997-y

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Reactive granulopoiesis depends on T-cell production of IL-17A and neutropenia-associated alteration of gut microbiota2022

    • Author(s)
      Chen Xuanzhong、Hashimoto Daigo、Ebata Ko、Takahashi Shuichiro、Shimizu Yu、Shinozaki Ryuga、Hasegawa Yuta、Kikuchi Ryo、Senjo Hajime、Yoneda Kazuki、Zhang Zixuan、Harada Shinpei、Hayase Eiko、Ara Takahide、Ohigashi Hiroyuki、Iwakura Yoichiro、Nakamura Kiminori、Ayabe Tokiyoshi、Teshima Takanori
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

      Volume: 119 Issue: 48 Pages: 1-10

    • DOI

      10.1073/pnas.2211230119

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Gilteritinib enhances graft-versus-leukemia effects against FLT3-ITD mutant leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation2022

    • Author(s)
      Zhang Zixuan、Hasegawa Yuta、Hashimoto Daigo、Senjo Hajime、Kikuchi Ryo、Chen Xuanzhong、Yoneda Kazuki、Sekiguchi Tomoko、Kawase Tatsuya、Tsuzuki Hirofumi、Ishio Takashi、Ara Takahide、Ohigashi Hiroyuki、Nakagawa Masao、Teshima Takanori
    • Journal Title

      Bone Marrow Transplantation

      Volume: - Issue: 5 Pages: 775-780

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41409-022-01619-4

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Graft-versus-host disease: a disorder of tissue regeneration and repair2021

    • Author(s)
      Chakraverty R, Teshima T
    • Journal Title

      Blood

      Volume: 138 Issue: 18 Pages: 1657-1665

    • DOI

      10.1182/blood.2021011867

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Nonclassical manifestations of acute GVHD2021

    • Author(s)
      Zeiser R, Teshima T
    • Journal Title

      Blood

      Volume: 138 Issue: 22 Pages: 2165-2172

    • DOI

      10.1182/blood.2021012431

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Lessons Learnt From Animal Models2021

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T, Hill GR
    • Journal Title

      Front Immunol

      Volume: 12 Pages: 715424-715424

    • DOI

      10.3389/fimmu.2021.715424

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 分子標的薬による移植片対白血病効果の促進2024

    • Author(s)
      橋本 大吾
    • Organizer
      第46回日本造血・免疫細胞療法学会総会. 2024年3月.東京.
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Alloreactive T-cell targets tissue stem cells and impairs tissue homeostasis in GVHD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.2024

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      The 21th IRCMS Symposium on the Dynamics and Development of Normal and Malignant Hematopoietic Stem Cells. 2024年2月.Kumamoto, Japan
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 造血幹細胞移植アップデート2023

    • Author(s)
      豊嶋 崇徳
    • Organizer
      第65回日本小児血液学会. 2023年10月.札幌.
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 成人白血病における画期的治療法の新展開2023

    • Author(s)
      豊嶋 崇徳
    • Organizer
      第85回日本血液学会学術集会. 2023年10月.東京.
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] CNI inhibits tolerance induction by suppressing terminal exhaustion of donor T cells after allo-HCT2023

    • Author(s)
      Hajime Senjo, Daigo Hashimoto, Shimpei I Kubota, Yuki Tanaka, Shinpei Harada, Zixuan Zhang, Xuanzhong Chen, Ryo Kikuchi, Yuta Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Ohigashi, Takahide Ara, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Masaaki Murakami and Takanori Teshima
    • Organizer
      第85回日本血液学会学術集会. 2023年10月.東京.
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 真菌感染とGVHDのクロストーク2023

    • Author(s)
      豊嶋 崇徳
    • Organizer
      第1回北海道医真菌研究会. 2023年10月.札幌.
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] T-cell exhaustion and GVHD/GVL2023

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      Joint ASTCT + EBMT Basic and Translational Scientific Meeting. 2023年5月.Sitges, Spain
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] T-cell exhaustion and GVHD/GVL2023

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      Advances in Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy. 2023年6月.Freiburg, Germany
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Tales from the intestinal crypt2023

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      Hans Messner Allogeneic Transplant Program Academic Activity Round. 2023年7月.Toronto, Canada
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] CNIs induce transitory-exhausted donor T cells and inhibit tolerance induction after allogeneic SCT2023

    • Author(s)
      Hajime Senjo, Daigo Hashimoto, Shimpei I Kubota, Yuki Tanaka, Shinpei Harada, Zixuan Zhang, Ryo Kikuchi, Yuta Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Ohigashi, Takahide Ara, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Masaaki Murakami and Takanori Teshima
    • Organizer
      13th Japan Society of Hematology International symposium 2023 in Tsukuba 2023年7月.Tsukuba, Japan
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] New insights into the pathophysiology of GVHD2023

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      The International Congress of BMT 2023. 2023年9月.Busan, Korea
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] The role of microbiota in immunity and hematopoiesis after HSCT2023

    • Author(s)
      Hashimoto D
    • Organizer
      28th Annual Meeting of Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group 2023年10月.Semarang, Indonesia
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Delayed Initiation of Calcineurin Inhibitor Is Critical for Tolerance Induction By Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide2023

    • Author(s)
      Hajime Senjo, Daigo Hashimoto, Satomi Okada, Shimpei I. Kubota, Ayumu Ito, Yumika Saito, Toru Miyajima, Wenyu Li, Zixuan Zhang, Shinpei Harada, Yuta Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Ohigashi, Takahide Ara, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Yoshihiro Inamoto, Masaaki Murakami, Takahiro Fukuda, and Takanori Teshima
    • Organizer
      65th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exposition 2023 2023年12月.San Diego
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] GVHD Targets Organoid-forming Biliary Epithelial Stem Cells via a TGF-b-Dependent Manner2022

    • Author(s)
      Yuta Hasegawa, Daigo Hashimoto, Ryo Kikuchi, Zixuan Zhang, Hajime Senjo, Tomoko Sekiguchi, Eiko Hayase, Takahiro Tateno, Emi Yokoyama, Shuichiro Takahashi, Xuanzhong Chen, Kazuki Yoneda, Hiroyuki Ohigashi, Takahide Ara, and Takanori Teshima
    • Organizer
      第84回日本血液学会学術集会 (福岡, 10月15日): Plenary
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Calcineurin Inhibitors Inhibit Tolerance Induction By Suppressing Terminal Dierentiation of Donor Exhausted T Cells after Allogeneic SCT2022

    • Author(s)
      Hajime Senjo, Daigo Hashimoto, Shinpei Kubota, Yuki Tanaka, Shinpei Harada , Kazuki Yoneda, Zixuan Zhang, Xuanzhong Chen, Ryo Kikuchi, Yuta Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Ohigashi, Takahide Ara, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Masaaki Murakami, DVM., Ph.D. and Takanori Teshima
    • Organizer
      64th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition, Oral presentation (New Orleans, 12月11日): ASH Abstract Achievement Award
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer Enhances Metabolic Fitness and Anti-Tumor Effects of CAR T Cells2022

    • Author(s)
      Shinpei Harada, Daigo Hashimoto, Hajime Senjo, Kazuki Yoneda, Zixuan Zhang, Xuanzhong Chen, Ryo Kikuchi, Masahiro Chiba, Hiroyuki Ohigashi, Takahide Ara, Masao Nakagawa, Masashi Suganuma, Rick C. Tsai, and Takanori Teshima.
    • Organizer
      64th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition, Oral presentation (New Orleans, 12月11日): ASH-JSH Abstract Achievement Award
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Novel insights into biology and treatment of acute GVHD2022

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      The 3rd Annual Meeting of Indian Society for Blood & Marrow Transplantation. 2022年4月8日.Web
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Tales from the intestinal crypt2022

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      Tandem Meetings 2022: Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Meetings of ASTCT and CIBMTR. 2022年4月23日.Salt lake city
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Tissue stem cell injury in graft vs host disease2022

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      Australia Centre for Blood Transplant and Cell Therapies Webinar Series. 2022年6月14日.Web
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Treatment for steroid-refractory chronic GVHD2022

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      The International Congress of BMT 2022. 2022年9月2日.Busan
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Novel insights in biology and treatment of acute GVHD2022

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      The 27th Congress of Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2022年10月8日.Kochi, India
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Novel approach in GVHD prophylaxis2021

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      26th Annual Meeting of Asian Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Intestinal goblet cell and IL-25 in intestinal GVHD2021

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      International Congress of Bone Marrow Transplantation 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Pathogensis of GVHD -from bench to bedside-2021

    • Author(s)
      Teshima T
    • Organizer
      中日血液専門家検討会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] GVHD targets organoid-forming Biliary Epithelial Stem Cells Via a TGF-β-Dependent Manner2021

    • Author(s)
      Hasegawa Y, Hashimoto D, Kikuchi R, Zhang Z, Senjo H, Sekiguchi S, Eiko Hayase E, Tateno T, Yokoyama E, Takahashi S, Chen X, Yoneda K, Ohigashi H, Ara T, and Teshima T
    • Organizer
      63nd American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Gilteritinib Enhances Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effects Against FLT3-ITD+ Leukemia after Mouse Allogeneic HSCT2021

    • Author(s)
      Hasegawa Y, Zhang Z, Kikuchi R, Chen X, Yoneda Y, Senjo H, Sekiguchi T, Kawase T, Tsuzuki H, Ishio T, Ohigashi H, Nakagawa M, Hashimoto D, Teshima T
    • Organizer
      Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Meetings of ASBMT and CIBMTR 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] ギルテリチニブはマウスFLT3-ITD陽性白血病に対する移植片対白血病効果を促進する2021

    • Author(s)
      張紫, 長谷川祐太, 菊池遼, 陳炫仲, 米田和樹, 千丈創, 関口智子, 川瀬竜也, 續啓史, 石尾崇, 大東寛幸, 中川雅夫, 橋本大吾, 豊嶋崇徳
    • Organizer
      第43回日本造血免疫細胞療法学会総会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] フェロトーシス阻害剤を用いたキメラ抗原受容体遺伝子導入T(CAR-T)細胞療法の有効性改善の方法2023

    • Inventor(s)
      豊嶋 崇徳
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      豊嶋 崇徳
    • Industrial Property Rights Type
      特許
    • Filing Date
      2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] ミトコンドリア製剤を用いた免疫細胞機能修飾法の開発とその利用法(仮称)2022

    • Inventor(s)
      豊嶋 崇徳
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      豊嶋 崇徳
    • Industrial Property Rights Type
      特許
    • Filing Date
      2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Overseas

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2024-12-25  

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