| Project/Area Number |
23K22533
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| Project/Area Number (Other) |
22H01262 (2022-2023)
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund (2024)
Single-year Grants (2022-2023) |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
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| Research Institution | The University of Tokyo |
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Principal Investigator |
SILVERMAN John 東京大学, カブリ数物連携宇宙研究機構, 教授 (90573030)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
泉 拓磨 国立天文台, アルマプロジェクト, 准教授 (40792932)
松岡 良樹 愛媛大学, 宇宙進化研究センター, 准教授 (60547545)
Ding Xuheng 東京大学, カブリ数物連携宇宙研究機構, 特任研究員 (60895986)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2022-04-01 – 2025-03-31
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| Project Status |
Granted (Fiscal Year 2024)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥17,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥6,240,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,440,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥8,060,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,860,000)
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| Keywords | black holes / quasars / near-infrared / galaxies / JWST / supermassive black holes / galaxy evolution |
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| Outline of Research at the Start |
We are continuing with the planned research program. The JWST observations for 2 SHELLQS QSOs will be delivered in FY2024 thus competing the full sample of 12 quasars. We will complete the studies on the following: (1) the relation between black hole and galaxy mass, (2) constraints on the black hole mass function and Eddington rate distribution, and (3) stellar populations of quasar host galaxies at z~6. We are finalizing our decomposition of the emission of 104 quasars in COSMOS Web up to z ~ 3 into the separate quasar and host galaxy light.
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies co-evolve over the last eight billion years of cosmic time (z < 2) as evident by their non-evolving mass ratio. This coupled growth is likely due to gas regulation from the SMBH itself or supernova triggered through ongoing star formation. We are determining whether the mass ratio M_BH/M_galaxy is truly universal (i.e., constant at all redshifts) by measuring this mass ratio in the early Universe (z ~ 6). This is achieved through our approved James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Cycle 1 Program that targets 12 SHELLQs quasars at z ~ 6 from the HSC Subaru Strategic Program, with both imaging and spectroscopy. For the first time at z ~ 6, we are determining the (1) masses (and types) of galaxies hosting the first SMBHs, (2) their black hole masses based on the Balmer emission lines, and (3) the distribution functions of black hole mass and Eddington rate, all key to understanding the growth of early SMBHs. This analysis is being combined with our study of SMBHs at later cosmic times (1 < z < 3) to construct a full picture of the growth of galaxies and their black holes. This is accomplished using the COSMOS-Web, a JWST imaging survey of the COSMOS field. Both our SHELLQs program and COSMOS-Web are playing leading roles in quasar - host galaxy studies in the distant Universe.
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| Current Status of Research Progress |
Current Status of Research Progress
2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.
Reason
In FY2022, we have developed and tested our 2D image analysis tools with JWST Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) images from the public early-release science program (CEERS). We successfully decomposed the quasar and galaxy emission which resulted in the detection of the host galaxies of five quasars at z > 1.5 and full characterization of the in-orbit JWST point-spread function. This work has been published and presented at the first JWST conference at Space Telescope Science Institute. We also received the complete JWST data for two SHELLQs at z ~ 6 including NIRCam and Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) data that have been processed for science-grade measurements. For these two targets, we significantly detect the host galaxies for both quasars thus enabling a stellar mass measurement. This is a milestone for quasar-host galaxy studies since previous Hubble observations were unsuccessful. We also detect the broad emission lines with NIRSpec and measured their black hole mass. Surprisingly, stellar absorption feature are seen in one of the quasar hosts which indicate a recent burst of star formation. This first analysis has been submitted for publication. In addition, six out of 151 NIRCam images from COSMOS-Web have been taken and allowed us to assess the effectiveness of our 2D image decomposition analysis of JWST images for 50 AGN at z>1.
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| Strategy for Future Research Activity |
We are continuing with the planned research program. All JWST observations for the 12 SHELLQS z~6 QSOs will be delivered in FY2023. These include the NIRCam and NIRSpec data. We will complete the studies on the following: (1) the relation between black hole and galaxy mass, (2) constraints on the black hole mass function and Eddington rate distribution, (3) stellar populations of quasar host galaxies at z~6 and (4) role of galaxy mergers in quasar activity in the early Universe. In addition, new proposals will be submitted to JWST and ALMA to expand the breadth of the program in terms of sample size and spectral/spatial resolution. In FY2023, all observations with JWST/NIRCam will be completed and delivered for the COSMOS-Web program. These will provide the infrared imaging to decompose the emission of quasars up to z ~ 3 into the separate quasar and host galaxy light. We will report on the properties of the host galaxies and the mass relation between black hole and their host galaxy. Followup proposals to JWST and will be submitted to study in detail their stellar populations, gas content and large-scale environments. With the addition of similar analysis based on the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Survey, a comprehensive picture of the joint black hole and galaxy growth using the SHELLQs and COSMOS-Web programs will be achieved.
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