| Budget Amount *help |
¥18,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥7,020,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,620,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥6,240,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,440,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
From human and animal studies, we successfully clarified the followings. 1) Initiation of reflex swallowing is not affected by oral inputs but by chewing behavior or activation of chewing central pattern generator. 2) Motor pattern of swallowing is not affected by conditioning stimulation such as peripheral stimulation. 3) Because there is a positive correlation between effect of central inputs and peripheral inputs on the initiation of swallow, inter-individual variation of initiation of swallow is dependent on the excitability of neural activity in the lower brain stem. 4) repetitive pharyngeal stimulation shortly inhibits the excitability involved in the swallowing center but facilitates that involved in voluntary swallow in the long term.
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