| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In this study, we considered at first the conception of the ‘self’ in Heraclitus in comparison with that at the age of epos. While the mortals depicted in the epos as slaves to the blind necessity cannot be any agents of free will, according to the pre-Socratic philosophers, humans do have such an inner motive of action as volition, desire, intention or deliberation and can decide and choose their course of actions for themselves; in this sense, it may safely be said that the conception of the ‘self’ as an autonomous agent was first and explicitly discovered by the presocratics. And this autonomous agent can be seen not only in an ethical sphere but also in an epistemological one : humans have investigative independence from divine intervention as well as behavioral autonomy.
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