| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In German, modal particles are usually used to express speakers' intentions, whereas in Japanese the same function is often performed by sentence-final particles. This study investigated the universal and language-specific prosodic features of German modal particles conveying speakers' attitudes, such as "refutation", uttered by both native German speakers and Japanese learners of German, and sentence-final particles in similar-meaning Japanese utterances spoken by native Japanese speakers.
There were common prosodic characteristics for the German modal particles expressing "refutation", but each of these modal particles also had other, different characteristics. These common prosodic characteristics were also partially observed in the Japanese sentence-final particles.
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