| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥390,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥90,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥130,000 (Direct Cost: ¥100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥30,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
It is generally believed that function words in Maritime English can be absent freely, but this study has shown that there are at least three environments in which a copula cannot be absent: (1) when the subject is a pronoun, (2) when the subject is a DP headed by the definite article, and (3) when it is inside a subordinate clause.
Further, it has been shown that the copula drop in so-called truncated registers in English are constrained by the same implicational hierarchy that the previous typological studies have found, i.e., NP>AP>VP.
Finally, it has been pointed out that this implicational universal resembles an implicational universal on conjoinable categories, i.e., NP>AP>CP, and this similarity begs for explanation. A conjecture has been put forth stating that both universal hierarchies are dynamically formed following the time-stability scale with NP and CP as its extreme ends.
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