| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This study focuses on the grain tribute system during the Ming, especially digging into its economical and epistemological outcomes which conditioned the structure of the Imperial China.
The statistical analysis reveals that factor distribution and its historical change varies significantly according to region, notably between the western Hebei and the eastern Hebei, and this difference can be interpreted as the regional patterns which derived from topographical and agricultural settings. Relatively intensive agriculture was developed in the western Hebei, while farms in the eastern Hebei was conducting an extensive agriculture. In case of the Hebei during the Ming, extensive agriculture did not lead to the overall increase in the agricultural output, because the Grand Canal hindered the smooth drainage of farmlands.
Thus, the grain tribute system reproduced and conditioned the regional structure, in which the north China strongly depended on the grain production of the Lower Yangzi.
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