| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
As a framework for analyzing simultaneously two crucial objectives of rural development in the global South, environmental conservation and poverty reduction, this research project proposes a hypothetical means-end relationship between the two objectives that can be linked by Fair Trade certification as an intermediary institution. To examine under which conditions this theoretical means-end relationship works in real settings, geographical literature focusing on human-nature relationships were reviewed and four case studies on agricultural producer groups and a plantation in Asia were reanalyzed comparatively. An important lesson from the study is: only when the means (environmental conservation) introduced by Fair Trade can be compatible with other competing means (farm and non-farm) for the end (poverty reduction), do small farmers incorporate the designated means.
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