| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥810,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Three pharyngeal constrictors work to constrict the pharyngeal wall. In the pharynageal period of the swallowing, the suprahyoid muscles pull up the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage, then pull them forward and at last the hyo-thyroid muscle rotates the thyroid cartilage. The pharyngeal raphe remains stable. These movement of the muscles and bones make lateral press to the pharyngeal wall while the middle-, and lower pharyngeal muscles constrict with being pulled forward by the suprahyoid muscles. The pharyngeal wall also moves upward to the soft palate. This upward movement is due to the two muscles. One is the palato-pharyngeal muscle which starts from the soft palate and spread into the submucosa of the pharyngeal wall, the second is the stylo-pharyngeal muscle running from styloid process of the skull base to the lower pharyngeal wall.
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