| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥810,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research project explores the development of economic relations between Siam and China from the mid-19th to early 20th centuries when both countries had no formal diplomatic relations. It does this by focusing on how both countries managed and regulated the growing flows of goods and people between them without any formal institutional arrangements or channels for negotiation. Many issues were raised already from the 1870s. Siam, while maintaining its stance that no diplomatic representatives from China would be necessary, sometimes resorted to negotiations with Western powers and even international organizations to cope with the issues between China and Siam.
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