| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This sociological research focuses on the formation of multi-ethnic networks of migrant entrepreneurs in used car trading. Pakistani migrants are the major actors in this market, especially in the right handle car trading business from Japan. Used car trading is a typical business conducted by migrant entrepreneurs, not only in Japan (as exporters) but also other countries (as importers or re-exporters). Ethnic ties or ethnic resources are known to be elements of their economic activities in migration studies. By contrast, multi-ethnic networks are not so much mentioned. Not only the former but also the latter have important roles in their businesses. In the case of Pakistani migrants, multi-ethnic ties are used for many purposes. For example, customers, trade partners, workers, clerks, or guarantors. This study aims to clarify how Pakistani migrants use their own ethnic ties and their multi-ethnic networks together or separately in their businesses and their migration processes.
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