| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The present study was conducted to examine the metabolic reaction and chronic effect of chlorinated parabens from a chemical perspective. The kinetic analysis indicated that chlorination of the paraben reduced its degradation rate to approximately 1/30 of that observed in the metabolic reaction with rat liver S9. We identified three novel metabolites of the chlorinated paraben and developed a practical route to their syntheses. Two metabolites, which contained a hydroxyl group, also exhibited arylhydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity in the yeast assay.
The chronic toxicity of the 12 chlorinated and nonchlorinated parabens was investigated using a 7-day Ceriodaphnia dubia test. The mortality and inhibition of reproduction tended to increase with increasing hydrophobicity and decreased with the degree of chlorination of the parabens.
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