| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The natural history of neritid and thiarid gastropods was studied for understanding the role and importance of amphydromy in freshwater ecosystems on coastal and oceanic islands. Our comprehensive, well-supported molecular phylogeny of the former family not only confirmed repeated invasions of freshwater by marine ancestors but also suggested multiple reinvasions of the sea from limnic habitats. A plausible explanation for such unusual reversal in habitat shifts is the ontogenetically euryhaline nature of amphidromous animals. Re-classification of the IWP species based on shell morphology and mitochondrial COI sequences revealed that most amphidromous taxa have very small intraspecific variation throughout their wide-ranging distributions that often span several thousand kilometers. Species richness peaks in the Coral Triangle and declines with increasing distance from this region, both latitudinally and longitudinally, corresponding with the pattern for shallow marine animals.
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