| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Paralogus genes often have redundant functions, while little is known about the evolution of their regulatory interactions. It has been reported that, while pax2 and ancestral-type ortholog pax2/5/8 show constitutive expression in the pronephros and its orthologous tissue in amphioxus respectively, pax5 shows no expression in the pronephros. We found that pax5 gets activated in the pronephros, by either the down-regulation of pax2, or by hypertonic osmotic stress. We identified a pronephric enhancer of pax2, and revealed that its paralogous counterpart in pax5 is involved in both the functional compensation of pax2 and the osmotic stress response. Their ancestral-type enhancer in pax2/5/8 was also active in the normal pronephros but got further activated by the hypertonic osmotic stress. These results suggest that the mechanisms for the functional compensation of pax2 by pax5 evolved from the osmotic stress response mechanism of their ancestral gene.
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