Contamination status of organohalogen compounds and their metabolites of pet animals and effects on thyroid hormones homeostasis

• Project/Area Number: 25241013
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Risk sciences of radiation and chemicals
• Research Institution: Ehime University
• Principal Investigator: TANABE SHINSUKE 愛媛大学, 沿岸環境科学研究センター, 教授 (60116952)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): IWATA Hisato 愛媛大学, 沿岸環境科学研究センター, 教授 (10271652) ; NOMIYAMA Kei 愛媛大学, 沿岸環境科学研究センター, 准教授 (30512686) ; KUNISUE Tatsuya 愛媛大学, 沿岸環境科学研究センター, 教授 (90380287) ; 磯部 友彦 愛媛大学, 沿岸環境科学研究センター, 准教授 (50391066)
• Project Period (FY): 2013-04-01 – 2016-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2015)
• Budget Amount: ¥43,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥33,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,960,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥10,270,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,370,000); Fiscal Year 2014: ¥10,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,400,000); Fiscal Year 2013: ¥22,490,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,190,000)
• Keywords: 有機ハロゲン化合物 / 水酸化代謝物 / ペット動物 / 甲状腺ホルモン / 内分泌撹乱化学物質 / 代謝 / 有害化学物質

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Previous studies reported that high level of PBDEs in serum of pet cats had a link to increasing feline hyperthyroidism. The present study investigated the residual levels and patterns of PCBs, PBDEs, OH-PCBs, and OH-PBDEs in serum samples of pet cats and dogs. In order to assess the effects of contaminants in pet cats and dogs, we also examined relationships between the levels of organohalogen compounds and serum TH levels analyzed using LC-MS/MS. PCBs, PBDEs, OH-PCBs, OH-PBDEs and THs were found in all the serum samples analyzed. PBDEs in the serum of cats had the highest concentration among the organohalogen compounds examined. Especially, BDE209 was the predominant homologue. Total T4, total T3, free T4, and free T3 levels in the serum of cats showed significant negative correlations with BDE209 concentrations. Further studies are necessary for assessment of risk for pet cats including disruption mechanisms of TH homeostasis.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Organohalogen compounds in pet dog and cat: Do pets biotransform natural brominated products in food to harmful hydroxlated substances? (2016)
  • Author(s): Mizukawa H, Nomiyama K, Nakatsu S, Iwata H, Yoo J, Kubota A, Yamamoto M, Ishizuka M, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama M.M.S, Kunisue T, Tanabe S
  • Journal Title: Environmental Science & Technology Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Pages: 444-452
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04216
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] In vitro and in silico analyses for predicting hepatic cytochrome p450-dependent metabolic potencies of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Baikal seal (2015)
  • Author(s): Jean Yoo, Masashi Hirano, Hazuki Mizukawa, Kei Nomiyama, Tetsuro Agusa, Eun-Young Kim, Shinsuke Tanab, Hisato Iwata
  • Journal Title: Environmental Science and Technology Volume: 49 Issue: 24 Pages: 14588-14596
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03890
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Uptake and tissue distribution of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wild fish from treated-wastewater-impacted streams (2015)
  • Author(s): Tanoue, R., Nomiyama, K., Nakamura, H., Kim, J. W., Isobe, T., Shinohara, R., Kunisue, T. and Tanabe, S.
  • Journal Title: Environmental Science and Technology Volume: 49(19) Issue: 19 Pages: 11649-11658
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02478
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] UGT Xenobiotic metabolizing activity and genetic evolution in Pinniped species (2015)
  • Author(s): Kakehi M, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama M.M.S, Kawai Y.K, Watanabe K.P, Mizukawa H, Nomiyama K, Tanabe S, Ishizuka M
  • Journal Title: Toxicological Sciences Volume: 147 Issue: 2 Pages: 360-369
  • DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv144
  • NAID: 120005817898
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Residue profiles of anthropogenic and naturally produced organohalogen compounds and thyroid hormone levels in human serum from e-waste recycling sites in Vietnam. (2015)
  • Author(s): Eguchi, A., Nomiyama, K., Tue, N.M., Trang, P.T.K., Viet, P.H., Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S.
  • Journal Title: Environmental Research Volume: 137 Pages: 440-449
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.007
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Organohalogens and their hydroxylated metabolites in the blood of pigs from an open waste dumping site in south India: Association with hepatic cytochrome P450 (2015)
  • Author(s): Mizukawa H, Nomiyama K, Kunisue T, Watanabe MX, Subramanian A, Iwata H, Ishizuka M, Tanabe S
  • Journal Title: Environ Res Volume: 138 Pages: 255-263
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.012
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Toxicological Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Their Metabolites in the Liver of Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica). (2014)
  • Author(s): Nomiyama K, Hirakawa S., Eguchi A., Kanbara C., Imaeda D., Yoo J., Kunisue T., Kim E.Y, Iwata H, Tanabe S.
  • Journal Title: Environmental Science and Technology Volume: 48 Issue: 22 Pages: 13530-13539
  • DOI: 10.1021/es5043386
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Blood levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites in Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica): Emphasis on interspecies comparison, gender difference and association with blood thyroid hormone levels (2014)
  • Author(s): Imaeda D., Nomiyama K., Kunisue T., Iwata H., Tsydenova O., Amano M., Petrov E.A., Batoev V.B, Tanabe S.
  • Journal Title: Chemosphere Volume: 114 Pages: 1-8
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.089
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Simultaneous detection of multiple hydroxylated polychlorinated polyc hlorinated biphenyls from a complex tissue matrix using gas chromat ography / isotope dilution mass spectrometry accumulation of hydroxy lated polychlorinated biphenyls (2014)
  • Author(s): Akifumi Eguchi, Kei Nomiyama, Mari Ochiai, Hazuki Mizukawa, Yasuko Nagano, Katsuhiro Nakagawa, Kouki Tanaka, Haruhiko Miyagawa, Shinsuke Tanabe.
  • Journal Title: Talanta Volume: 118 Pages: 253-261
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.031
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Dioxin-related compounds in house dust from New York State : Occurrence, in vitro toxic evaluation and implications for indoor exposure (2013)
  • Author(s): Tue, N.M., Suzuki, G., Takahashi, S., Kannan, K., Takigami, H., Tanabe, S.
  • Journal Title: Environ. Poll. Volume: 181 Pages: 75-80
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.010
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Halogenated phenolic contaminants in the blood of marine mammals from Japanese coastal waters (2013)
  • Author(s): Kei Nomiyama, Chika Kanbara, Mari Ochiai, Akifumi Eguchi, Hazuki Mizukawa, Tomohiko Isobe, Takashi Matsuishi, Tadasu K. Yamada, Shinsuke Tanabe
  • Journal Title: Marine Environmental Research Volume: 93 Pages: 15-22
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.08.016
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Uptake and tissue distribution of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wild fish from treated-waste water impacted streams (2016)
  • Author(s): Rumi Tanoue,Kei Nomiyama,Haruna Nakamura,Joon-Woo Kim,Tomohiko Isobe,Ryota Shinohara,Tatsuya Kunisue,Shinsuke Tanabe
  • Organizer: International Symposium on Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology - To Accelerate a Global Network of Environmental Researchers
  • Place of Presentation: Matsuyama, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Biotransformation potencies of polychlorinated biphenyls in cats (2016)
  • Author(s): Hazuki Mizukawa,Misaki Maehara,Nozomu Yokoyama,Osamu Ichii,Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi,Kei Nomiyama,Yoshinori Ikenaka,Shouta M. M. Nakayama,Shinsuke Tanabe,Mayumi Ishizuka
  • Organizer: International Symposium on Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology - To Accelerate a Global Network of Environmental Researchers
  • Place of Presentation: Matsuyama, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Toxicological assessment of PCBs and OH-PCBs in cat using metabolomics approach (2016)
  • Author(s): Hiroyuki Nishikawa,Kei Nomiyama,Akifumi Eguchi,Hazuki Mizukawa,Mayumi Ishizuka,Yoshinori Ikenaka,Shouta M. M. Nakayama,Shinsuke Tanabe
  • Organizer: International Symposium on Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology-To Accelerate a Global Network of Environmental Researchers
  • Place of Presentation: Matsuyama, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Toxicological assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites in the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica)Toxicological assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites in the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) (2015)
  • Author(s): Kei Nomiyama, Shusaki Hirakawa, Chika Kanbara, Daisuke Imaeda, Jean Yoo, Tatsuya Kunisue, Eun-Young Kim, Hisato Iwata, Shinsuke Tanabe
  • Organizer: Leading Symposium on Chemical Hazard and Adaptability in Animals - The Current Challenge of Young Researchers
  • Place of Presentation: Hokkaido Univ. Sapporo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-11
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Impact of anthropogenic and naturally occurring brominated compounds in veterinary field. (2015)
  • Author(s): Hazuki Mizukawa, Nozomu Yokoyama, Osamu Ichii, Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Shouta M. Nakayama, Kei Nomiyama, Misaki Maehara, Shinsuke Tanabe, Mayumi Ishizuka
  • Organizer: Leading Symposium on Chemical Hazard and Adaptability in Animals - The Current Challenge of Young Researchers
  • Place of Presentation: Hokkaido Univ. Sapporo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-11
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] イヌ脳に及ぼす PCBs の影響：プロテオーム解析による評価 (2015)
  • Author(s): 高口倖暉・野見山 桂Claret Lauan Maria・Jean Yoo・水川葉月・岩田久人・国末達也・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 環境ホルモン学会第18回研究発表会
  • Place of Presentation: 栃木県下野市 自治医科大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-10
• [Presentation] イヌ脳中 PCBs, OH-PCBs の毒性影響評価：メタボロミクスアプローチ (2015)
  • Author(s): 野見山 桂・江口哲史・水川葉・Jean Yoo・高口倖暉・山本泰央・国末達也・岩田久人・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 環境ホルモン学会第18回研究発表会
  • Place of Presentation: 栃木県下野市 自治医科大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-10
• [Presentation] Lipid composition in the brain compartments of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in relation to the accumulation of environmental pollutants (PCBs and OH-PCBs) (2015)
  • Author(s): Mari Ochiai, Kei Nomiyama, Tomohiko Isobe, Tadasu K. Yamada, Yuko Tajima, Hisato Iwata, Masao Amano, Shinsuke Tanabe
  • Organizer: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 36th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: San Francisco, California, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-14
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Omics approach of proteomic and metabolomic analysis for PCBs toxicity in the dog brain (2015)
  • Author(s): Kohki Takaguchi, Kei Nomiyama, Maria C. Lauan, Jean Yoo, Hazuki Mizukawa, Hisato Iwata, Tatsuya Kunisue, Shinsuke Tanabe
  • Organizer: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 36th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-01
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Toxicological assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) in the brain of dogs using metabolomics approach (2015)
  • Author(s): Kei Nomiyama, Akifumi Eguchi, Hazuki Mizukawa, Jean Yoo, Kohki Takaguchi, Yasuo Yamamoto, Tomoko Oshihoi, Hisato Iwata, Tatsuya Kunisue, Shisuke Tanabe
  • Organizer: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 36th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-01
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Metabolism and biotransformation of organohalogen compounds in the liver microsomes of cats and dogs. (2015)
  • Author(s): Hazuki Mizukawa, Kei Nomiyama, Nozomu Yokoyama, Osamu Ichii, Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Shouta M. Nakayama, Misaki Maehara, Shisuke Tanabe Mayumi Ishizuka
  • Organizer: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 36th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-01
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Contamination status of organohalogen compounds and their hydroxylated metabolites in pet cats: Effects on thyroid hormones homeostasis (2015)
  • Author(s): Yasuo Yamamoto, Kei Nomiyama, Hazuki Mizukawa, Kohki Takiguchi, Mayumi Ishizuka, Tatsuya Kunisue, Shinsuke Tanabe
  • Organizer: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 36th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-01
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] II 相抱合反応の種差：食肉目におけるグルクロン酸抱合酵素の進化と遺伝子構造 (2015)
  • Author(s): 池中良徳・筧 麻友・中山翔太・川合佑典・渡邊研右・水川葉月・野見山 桂・田辺信介・石塚真由美
  • Organizer: 第24回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 北海道札幌市 札幌コンベンションセンター
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-24
• [Presentation] メタボローム解析によるイヌ脳中PCBs, OH-PCBs の毒性影響評価 (2015)
  • Author(s): 野見山桂・江口哲史・水川葉月・Jean Yoo・高口倖暉・山本泰央・忍穂井智子・岩田久人・国末達也・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 第24回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 北海道札幌市 札幌コンベンションセンター
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-24
• [Presentation] ポリ塩化ビフェニル（PCBs）を曝露したイヌの脳プロテオーム解析による毒性影響評価 (2015)
  • Author(s): 高口倖暉・野見山 桂・Claret Lauan Maria・草木桃子・Jean Yoo・水川葉月・岩田久人・国末達也・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 第24回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 北海道札幌市 札幌コンベンションセンター
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-24
• [Presentation] ペットネコにおける有機ハロゲン化合物および水酸化代謝物の汚染実態と甲状腺ホルモン恒常性への影響 (2015)
  • Author(s): 山本恭央・野見山 桂・水川葉月・滝口満喜・石塚真由美・国末達也・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 第24回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 北海道札幌市 札幌コンベンションセンター
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-24
• [Presentation] ポリ塩化ビフェニル (PCBs) 曝露によるイヌ異物代謝酵素シトクロムP450への影響 (2014)
  • Author(s): 田村沙弥・Jean Y.・水川葉月・阿草哲郎・平野将司・野見山桂・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 環境ホルモン学会第17回研究発表会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京大学 山上会館
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-09 – 2014-12-10
• [Presentation] Toxicological assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites (OH-PCBs) in the liver of wild Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica): Application of microarray and biochemical analysis. (2014)
  • Author(s): Nomiyama, K., Hirakawa, S., Eguchi, A., Kanbara, C., Imaeda, D., Jean, U., Kunisue, T., Kim, E. Y., Iwata, H. and Tanabe, S.
  • Organizer: International Conference of Asian Environmental Chemistry 2014 (ICAEC2014)
  • Place of Presentation: Convention Center, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
  • Year and Date: 2014-11-24 – 2014-11-26
• [Presentation] Contamination of indoor dust and exposure assessment for pet animals by personal care products (2014)
  • Author(s): Kunisue, T., Ishida, A., Okamoto, Y. and Tanabe, S.
  • Organizer: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 35th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Vancouver Convention Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • Year and Date: 2014-11-09 – 2014-11-13
• [Presentation] Interspecies differences of PBDEs metabolic capacity and excretion in the dog and cat. (2014)
  • Author(s): Nomiyama, K., Mizukawa, H., Nakatsu, A., Takaguchi, K. and Tanabe, S
  • Organizer: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 35th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Vancouver Convention Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • Year and Date: 2014-11-09 – 2014-11-13
• [Presentation] イヌ・ネコにおける微量元素レベルの特性とその暴露起源の探索 (2014)
  • Author(s): 寳來佐和子・中北有里子・水川葉月・野見山桂・渡邉 泉・田辺信介・岡本芳晴・国末達也
  • Organizer: 第23回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都大学 京都市
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-14 – 2014-05-16
• [Presentation] GC-ECNI/MS による脳・肝臓中水酸化 PCBs の一斉分析法開発 (2014)
  • Author(s): 江口哲史・野見山桂・落合真理・水川葉月・長野靖子・神原千佳・中川勝博・田中幸樹・宮川治彦・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 第23回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都大学 京都市
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-14 – 2014-05-16
• [Presentation] イヌ・ネコにおけるPCBs および水酸化代謝物の脳移行 (2014)
  • Author(s): 高口倖暉・野見山桂・長野靖子・水川葉月・落合真理・中津 賞・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 第23回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都大学 京都市
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-14 – 2014-05-16
• [Presentation] イヌ・ネコに残留するPCBs の代謝・排泄能とその種間比較 (2014)
  • Author(s): 野見山桂・長野靖子・水川葉月・中津 賞・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 第23回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都大学 京都市
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-14 – 2014-05-16
• [Presentation] ネコ科動物における有機ハロゲン化合物の代謝能解析 (2014)
  • Author(s): 水川葉月・池中良徳・野見山桂・田辺信介・宇根有美・伊藤真輝・高江洲昇・長野靖子・中山翔太・石塚真由美
  • Organizer: 第23回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都大学 京都市
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-14 – 2014-05-16
• [Presentation] ペットネコにおける有機ハロゲン化合物および水酸化代謝物の汚染実態と曝露源の推定 (2014)
  • Author(s): 山本恭央・野見山桂・水川葉月・長野靖子・田辺信介
  • Organizer: 第23回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都大学 京都市
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-14 – 2014-05-16
• [Presentation] 生活関連物質による室内ダストの汚染とペットを指標とした乳幼児への曝露評価 (2014)
  • Author(s): 石田明子・田上瑠美・岡本芳晴・磯部友彦・野見山桂・田辺信介・国末達也
  • Organizer: 第23回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都大学 京都市
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-14 – 2014-05-16
• [Presentation] Polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) in the Baikal seals and implication from a toxicogenomic approach. (2013)
  • Author(s): Nomiyama, K.
  • Organizer: The 33rd International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (DIOXIN 2013)
  • Place of Presentation: Daegu, Korea
• [Presentation] Polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) in the Baikal seals and implication from a toxicogenomic approach. (2013)
  • Author(s): Nomiyama, K.
  • Organizer: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 34th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Nashville. Tennessee, USA
• [Presentation] Analysis of anthropogenic and naturally occurring brominated phenols in the blood of Japanese pet animals. (2013)
  • Author(s): Mizukawa, H.
  • Organizer: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 34th Annual Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: Nashville. Tennessee, USA
• [Presentation] トキシコゲノミクス的アプローチによるバイカルアザラシ肝臓中水酸化PCBsの生体影響評価 (2013)
  • Author(s): 野見山桂
  • Organizer: 22回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京農工大学府中キャンパス
• [Presentation] イヌ・ネコ肝臓におけるPCBs代謝物(OH-PCBs、Me-SO2-PCBs)の蓄積特性と代謝能の種間比較 (2013)
  • Author(s): 長野靖子
  • Organizer: 第22回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京農工大学府中キャンパス
• [Presentation] イヌ、ネコの肝ミクロソームを用いたPCBsおよびPBDEs代謝能の種間比較 (2013)
  • Author(s): 水川葉月
  • Organizer: 第22回環境化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京農工大学府中キャンパス
• [Remarks] 研究トピックス
  • URL: https://www.ehime-u.ac.jp/post-1439/
• [Remarks] ACSニュース
  • URL: http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2016/acs-presspac-january-6-2016/fish-flavored-cat-food-could-contribue-to-feline-hyperthyroidism.html