| Budget Amount *help |
¥45,760,000 (Direct Cost: ¥35,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,560,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥11,180,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,580,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥11,180,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,580,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥23,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥18,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,400,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The basic purpose of this project was to visualize with the electron microscope (the EM) the mechanism of entry of the important cell-penetrating therapeutic agents available today, with the hypothesis that this entry is via endosome-rupture after cells have “endocytosed” the agents.We believed that visualizing endosome-rupture would be terribly important for understanding why these agents are effective, if they are, and for pointing the way for the development of future improved therapeutics in modern medicine. We felt that this was a vital medical goal, because it represents a 'bottleneck' between further industrial production of more modern therapeutics, and future clinical application of these new agents. These hypothesis so-called the “proton sponge” mechanism by polycationic polymers and the "endosome escape" by endosome-disrupting peptides were carefully tested by electron microscopy.
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