| Budget Amount *help |
¥12,870,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,970,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥2,730,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥630,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This study examined the symbiotic relationship between hunter-gatherers and farming neighbors from the analytical viewpoint of the communication process going around the primary tropical forests in Borneo. In the state of Sarawak, Malaysia commercial logging has already reached the deepest parts near the border. Nevertheless, there is one area where the primary forest remains unlogged in the Upper Baram Basin. In a village surveyed, marriages between different ethnic groups were common. Not only marriages of male farmers and female hunter-gatherers, but also cases of marriage of male hunter-gatherers and female farmers were observed. The hunter-gatherers and farming neighbors have been present at church and primary school and piled up fellowship since childhood. Although the difference was observed in political positions between the two, they respected each other's intentions while preventing them from being separated by development actors.
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