| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The expansion of rubber and palm oil cultivation in Northeast Thailand and its impacts to the locals' livelihood and ecological conditions was analyzed in relation to the government's policy and broader socio-economic trends. The results are as follows: 1) the local self-sufficient subsistence and living worlds mainly based on paddy cultivation has been dismantled, and the elements been re-construdted into a fringe part of the network of global rubber industry; and 2) the cash income of the locals has considerably increased that has been making the life style or education standards of the people to be 'middle-class' like. Oil palm is cultivated in limited area which has special conditions of soil and water, and is not like to widely expand in a short term.
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