| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research compares three countries. They are Sweden, France, and Japan. Sweden, one of the most gender equal countries, has adopted gender mainstreaming. By weakening the national machinery, Sweden has incorporated gender equality agenda in all policies at all levels. However, everyone’s responsibility becomes no one’s responsibility, so that Sweden experiences setbacks in gender equality in the last decade. France has introduced strict positive action measures. Traditionally, quotas were not welcomed and viewed as contrary to the French idea of equality. A revision of the Constitution was thus needed to adopt gender quotas. Positive action measures have been reinforced since the victory of the left in 2012.
Japan, ragging behind in the gender equality race, introduced soft quota approaches which have no penalty. This soft approaches contribute to the slow speed of change in gender equality in Japan
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