| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥570,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This study analyzes literary works of the American Renaissance for the purpose of widening the context of transatlantic studies by including Africa and the Caribbean. The study of Nathaniel Hawthorne proves that he knew the Salem mariners, a job which his ancestors had, and the slave trade were connected. This recognition is revealed in the descriptions of the mariners and commercial activities in “The Custom-House” and The Scarlet Letter. The study of Herman Melville’s works reveals the connection between the voyages and the slave trade. The study of Harriet Beecher Stowe clarifies the significance of Haiti and Liberia in her works such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
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