| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The discourses and caricatures of the Yellow Peril at the turn-of-the-century Britain were used as a vehicle for Asian counterpropaganda. For instance, Lowes Dickinson's _Letters from John Chinaman_(1901), following the typical Orientalist tradition and criticising Western imperialism, was highly acclaimed and welcomed as a theoretical support for Pan-Asianism, written by an authentic Chinese mandarin. Dickinson’s argument against materialism influenced the works of Asian intellectuals such as Kakuzo Okakura, R.Tagore, and Gu Hongming. The illustration of the Yellow Peril was appropriated in Japan as well. In the process, the "History of the Month in Caricature" corner in _the Review of Reviews_ had a global impact with every caricaturist propagating and parodying images and ideologies. For instance, the negative image of Octopus as the Yellow Peril was used by Japanese propagandists as the Russian Peril and circulated via _the Review of Reviews_ in the wake of the Russo-Japanese war.
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