The origin and history of trust-like devices in the civil law: toward a law system for the society of mutual assistance

• Project/Area Number: 25380021
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Fundamental law
• Research Institution: Hiroshima International University
• Principal Investigator: YOSHIMURA Tomoyo 広島国際大学, 心理科学部, 准教授 (70284148)
• Project Period (FY): 2013-04-01 – 2016-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2015)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
• Keywords: ローマ法 / fideicommissum / 遺言信託 / 遺贈 / 遺言解釈 / 後見 / 財産管理 / 信託 / ローマン・ダッチ・ロー

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study in the Roman law has shown that fideicommissa carried out a significant role in the innovation of legal interpretation. Fideicommissa have been commonly recognized as a kind of substitutive means for bequests based on Gaius’s Institute. But researching many texts of fideicommissa in Justinian Digest we can find complicated and elaborated interpretation of wills and codicils to realize the intentions of deceased. Especially the constructive interpretation was used to rescue some dispositions in the invalid or obscure wills caused by constituting fideicommissa out of the wills. It means that fideicommissa had mitigated the distinction between testation and intestacy and that is an exact role of fideicommissa.
In case of the fideicommissa with beneficiary who needed support to live, the settlor could entrust the property management with his custody to the trustee. This type of fideicommissa might resemble a tutelary management of the property.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] ローマ法における信託遺贈の擬制的解釈 (2013)
  • Author(s): 吉村朋代
  • Journal Title: 広島法学 Volume: 37 Pages: 87-109
  • NAID: 120005429937
• [Presentation] ‘alumnus’ and ‘fideicommissum’ in Roman Law (2015)
  • Author(s): YOSHIMURA, Tomoyo
  • Organizer: Edinburgh Law and Classics Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
  • Year and Date: 2015-08-25
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 「信託と信託遺贈―D.36,2,26,1 ; D.36.1.48.」 (2015)
  • Author(s): 吉村朋代
  • Organizer: ローマ法研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-14
• [Book] 法律学小辞典（第５版） (2016)
  • Author(s): 高橋和之・小早川光郎・能見善久・伊藤真・山口厚編
  • Total Pages: 1520
  • Publisher: 有斐閣