| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
To bring apportionment closer to quotas, we introduce f-divergence for utilitarianism and Bregman divergence for consistent optimization. Even in our less restricted condition, we find that we must use α-divergence for optimization that induces the same divisor methods correspond to the maximization of the Atkinson social welfare function, which is bounded by constant relative risk aversion.
Our measurement of disproportionality is α-divergence. By using α-divergence, we can easily understand the philosophy of “dead set election” because changing the parameter of the α-divergence or social welfare function gives the optimal apportionment solution. Furthermore, α-divergence is decomposable based on the apportionment and districting stages. In this study, we investigate the philosophical differences in 73 countries and clarify the factors of malapportionment in Italy and Taiwan using the decomposability of α-divergence.
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