| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This study argues how lawmakers and candidates for parliament altered their behaviors in response to the electoral reform of the lower house of the parliament (House of Representatives), Shugiin. This reform changed the constituency system from multiple-seat (3 to 5) electoral districts to single-seat ones. This study focuses on the messages and policy pledges that candidates in the Tokyo electoral districts showed in the official campaign bulletins. A database was created comprising candidates from the 35th election of the lower house in 1979 to the 47th election and from the 11th election of the upper house (Sangiin) in 1977 to the 23rd election in 2013. The sample size is 1,674. Results show that pork barrel messages are unlikely to appear after the electoral reform. This result is not influenced by candidates’ parties and their experiences as members of parliament.
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