| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
San Francisco today is a city full of vibrant neighborhood commercial districts (NCDs). However, like many other American cities in the 1950s and 1960s, urban renewal and freeway construction implemented in San Francisco resulted in the demolition of several neighborhoods in the vicinity of the downtown. The aim of this project is to examine the effect of citizen participatory planning on NCD revitalization in San Francisco.
We have three findings. First, citizen participatory planning, people moving back from the suburbs to the city, and a constant flow of retail entrepreneurs into San Francisco all played important roles in the NCD revitalization of the city. Second, citizens' protests against freeway construction and urban renewal projects resulted in the emergence of citizen participatory planning in San Francisco. Finally, the institutionalization of citizen participatory planning in San Francisco has been influenced by the broad social movements emerged in the US since the 1970s.
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