| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In the pre-war period, volleyball spread as a recreational sport for female factory workers. Volleyball was introduced as a suitable exercise and for increasing the production efficiency of women workers and it was considered a “sport suited to women” in Japan. However, the Kure navy yard volleyball team created a volleyball culture that had a “manly” fighting spirit, and was successful in national competitions. On the other hand, the prosperity of the “manly” volleyball culture had a parallel relationship with the “sluggishness of the labor movement” in the Kure navy arsenal. In other words, there was coexistence of a “manly” sports culture and dominant class and a submissive worker class culture.
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