| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The federal principle in higher education, the separation of teaching from examining, originated in the English collegiate universities.
The University of London was founded in 1836 by the Government as an examining body chartered to award degrees to candidates without any religious discrimination. The London syllabus brought a range of new subjects into the scope of university education for the first time, particularly natural sciences and modern languages and in 1878 the examinations were open to women. Many aspects of the University of London became model for the provincial university colleges developed in the late 19th century. Federation and the external examination system had played a major role as a means of quality control in the 19th century English universities.
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