| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The major purpose of this study is to understand how student self-esteem has been promoted at school and how it relates to bullying or being bullied in African and Asian countries, including Japan. Specifically, the study compares whether there are differences between genders or among countries. Male students were found to be more likely to have bullied or been bullied than female students across countries. In all countries, self-esteem was also found to be higher for students who were not exposed to bullying compared to those who were.
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