| Budget Amount *help |
¥26,390,000 (Direct Cost: ¥20,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥6,090,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥5,590,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,290,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥7,280,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,680,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥9,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,100,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
When sex chromosomes emerge from a pair of autosomes, the Y chromosomes highly degenerate due to recombination suppression in many cases. To overcome this potential disadvantage, many organisms acquire the so-called dosage compensation by which X-linked genes in males are upregulated to compensate the decrease of gene dosage due to the loss of Y-linked homologs. However, how dosage compensation evolves at the molecular level largely remains unknown.
To tackle this question, I have focused on Drosophila miranda that acquired the sex chromosomes around 1 million years ago. Comparing the genomes and transcriptomes of D. miranda and its closely-related species without young sex chromosomes, I found that not only Y but also X degenerate in the early stage of sex chromosome evolution. I also found that dosage compensation operates on each gene at the initial evolutionary stage (i.e., gene-by-gene dosage compensation).
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