| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Focusing on the Wokou, “Japanese Outrage” in the sixteenth century, I made an intensive research on the Chinese sources, to review some persons of that time, who acted as intermediator between the authority and the rebels. Through this research, I illustrated the fact that the officials and the Wokou bandits were occasionally in close cooperation on some economic and security issues, and that this flexibility and instability of the oficial policy and the social structure of Ming China made it possible for the people in the coastal provinces to have clandestine connections with the East Asian maritime world despite of the prohibition.
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