A Study on Prediction of Rock Failure Scale and its Timing by Observation of Acoustic Emission at Africa Deep Mine

• Project/Area Number: 26249137
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Earth system and resources engineering
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: Moriya Hirokazu 東北大学, 工学研究科, 教授 (60261591)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 中谷 正生 東京大学, 地震研究所, 准教授 (90345174) ; 川方 裕則 立命館大学, 理工学部, 教授 (80346056) ; 直井 誠 京都大学, 工学研究科, 助教 (10734618)
• Project Period (FY): 2014-04-01 – 2018-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2017)
• Budget Amount: ¥36,660,000 (Direct Cost: ¥28,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥8,460,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥5,980,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,380,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥6,370,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,470,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥10,140,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,340,000); Fiscal Year 2014: ¥14,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,270,000)
• Keywords: 地殻工学 / 地震 / 資源 / AE / 鉱山 / 破壊

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We observed around 300 thousand of AE (Acoustic Emission) events by a high-resolution monitoring network close to the active front of a tabular mining stope being advanced northward at 1 km depth in the Cooke 4 Gold Mine in South Africa. The application of the double-difference relative location algorithm resolved seemingly continuous, dense cloud of AEs that extend about 20 m ahead of the stope front into several discrete, steeply dipping tabular clusters a few meters thick and 10-30 m in dip extent, separated by quiet intervals a few meters thick. The tabular clusters had a strike parallel to the stope face and a dip of around 65°, resembling commonly observed large shear fractures along the plane of maximum shear. These observations suggest that discrete tabular clusters of AEs represent macroscopically localized damage structures that formed in the highly stressed intact rock ahead of the stope face and may culminate in dynamic shear events.

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] The University of the Witwaterrand/Institute of Minie Seismology/Ezulwini mine(南アフリカ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] GMuG(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] The University of the Witwatersrand/Institute of Mine Seismology/Ezulwini mine(南アフリカ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] GMuG(ドイツ)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Institute of Mine Seismology/CSIR/The University of the Witwatersrand(South Africa)
• [Int'l Joint Research] GMUG(Germany)
• [Journal Article] Identification of similar seismic events using a phase-only correlation technique (2018)
  • Author(s): Hirokazu Moriya
  • Journal Title: Construction and Building Materials Volume: 168 Pages: 984-987
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.053
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] 南アフリカ大深度金鉱山での微小破壊観測による震源の物理の研究 (2018)
  • Author(s): 直井誠
  • Journal Title: 地震第２輯 Volume: 71
  • NAID: 130007411514
• [Journal Article] Observational Studies in South African Mines to Mitigate Seismic Risks (2017)
  • Author(s): R. J. Durrheim, H. Ogasawara, M. Nakatani, Y. Yabe, M. Naoi, H.Moriya, A. Cichowicz, T. Satoh, H. Kawakata, A.Milev, T. Kgarume, V.Z. Brink, T. Ward, L. Ribeiro, M. Manzi, S. Mngadi, and the SATREPS Team
  • Journal Title: MineSafe2017 Volume: 1 Pages: 30-31
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] <b>Acoustic Emission Monitoring for Mitigating Seismic Risks in Deep Gold Mines </b><b>in South Africa </b> (2016)
  • Author(s): M. Naoi, M. Nakatani, H. Moriya, and Y. Yabe
  • Journal Title: International Journal of the JSRM Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 19-22
  • DOI: 10.11187/ijjsrm.12.1_19
  • NAID: 130005164447
  • ISSN: 2189-8405
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Identification of similar seismic events using a phase-only correlation technique (2016)
  • Author(s): Hirokazu Moaiya
  • Journal Title: Progress in Acoustic Emission XVIII Volume: 1 Pages: 487-490
  • Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Steady activity of microfractures on geological faults loaded by mining stress (2015)
  • Author(s): Makoto Naoi, Masao Nakatani, Kenshiro Otsuki, Yasuo Yabe, Thabang Kgarume, Osamu Murakami, Thabang Masakale, Luiz Ribeiro, Anthony Ward, Hirokazu Moriya, Hironori Kawakata, Raymond Durrheim, Hiroshi Ogasawara
  • Journal Title: Techtonophysics Volume: 649 Pages: 100-114
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Quasi-static slip patch growth to 20 m on a geological fault inferred from acoustic emissions in a South African gold mine (2015)
  • Author(s): Naoi, M., M. Nakatani,T. Kgarume, S. Khambule, T. Masakale, L. Ribeiro, J, Philipp, S. Horiuchi, K. Otsuki, K. Miyakawa, A. Watanabe, H. Moriya, O. Murakami, Y. Yabe, H. Kawakata, N. Yoshimitsu, A. Ward, R. Durrheim, H. Ogasawara
  • Journal Title: J. Geophys. Res. Volume: 未定 Issue: 3 Pages: 1692-1707
  • DOI: 10.1002/2014jb011165
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Delineation of large localized damage structures forming ahead of an active mining front by using advanced acoustic emission mapping techniques (2015)
  • Author(s): H. Moriya, M. Naoi, M. Nakatani, G. van Aswegen, O. Murakami, T. Kgarume, A. K. Ward, R. J. Durrheim, J. Philipp, Y. Yabe, H. Kawakata, and H. Ogasawara
  • Journal Title: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences Volume: 79 Pages: 157-165
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.08.018
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Unexpectedly frequent occurrence of very small repeating earthquakes (-5.1 <= MW <=-3.6) in a South African gold mine: implications for monitoring intraplate faults (2015)
  • Author(s): M. Naoi, M. Nakatani, T. Igarashi, K. Otsuki, Y. Yabe, T. Kgarume, O. Murakami, T. Masakale, L. Ribeiro, A. Ward, H. Moriya, H. Kawakata,, S. Nakao, R. Durrheim, H. Ogasawara
  • Journal Title: J. Geophys. Res. Volume: 120 Issue: 12 Pages: 8478-8493
  • DOI: 10.1002/2015jb012447
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Presentation] Very small repeating earthquakes on a geological fault at 1-km depth in a gold mine in South Africa (2017)
  • Author(s): M. Naoi, J. Yamaguchi, M. Nakatani, H. Moriya, T. Igarashi, T.
  • Organizer: IAG-IASPEI 2017
• [Presentation] 南アフリカ大深度金鉱山における震源の物理の観測研究 (2017)
  • Author(s): 直井 誠
  • Organizer: 日本地震学会秋季大会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] ICDP Drilling project to probe seismogenic zones of M2.0-5.5 earthquake in deep South African gold mines - Commencement of drilling (2017)
  • Author(s): H. Ogasawara, Y. Yabe, T. Ito, G. van Aswegen, M. Grobbelaar , R.Durrheim, M. Ziegler, M. Boettcher, et al.,
  • Organizer: JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017
• [Presentation] 南アフリカMponeng金鉱山地表下3.3 kmで発生したMw 2地震の余震中のRepeating Earthquake (2016)
  • Author(s): 南隆太郎，直井誠，石田毅，中谷正生，五十嵐俊博，矢部康男，南アフリカ金鉱山における半制御地震発生実験国際共同研究グループ
  • Organizer: 資源・素材学会 第13回若手研究者・学生のための研究発表会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都市キャンパスプラザ京都
  • Year and Date: 2016-12-09
• [Presentation] 南アフリカ大深度金鉱山の地質断層上で観測されたRepeating Earthquakeの活動の時空間変化 (2016)
  • Author(s): 山口純弥，直井誠，石田毅，中谷正生，五十嵐俊博，村上理，森谷祐一，矢部康男，大槻憲四郎，Thabang Kgarume，Ray Durrheim，Thabang Masakale，Anthony Ward ，川方裕則，小笠原宏，南アフリカ金鉱山半制御地震発生実験国際共同研究グループ
  • Organizer: 資源・素材学会 第13回若手研究者・学生のための研究発表会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都市キャンパスプラザ京都
  • Year and Date: 2016-12-09
• [Presentation] 南アフリカCooke 4金鉱山地下1 kmの切羽沿いに密集する微小破壊の空間分布詳細構造 (2016)
  • Author(s): 山形直毅，直井誠，中谷正生，森谷祐一，大槻憲四郎，Thabang Kgarume，Joachim Philipp, 村上理，Thabang Masakale，Luiz Ribeiro, 矢部康男，川方裕則，Anthony Ward，石田毅，Ray Durrheim，小笠原宏
  • Organizer: 日本地震学会秋季大会
  • Place of Presentation: 名古屋市名古屋国際会議場
  • Year and Date: 2016-10-06
• [Presentation] 南アフリカ大深度金鉱山の地質断層上で観測されたRepeating Earthquakeの出現と消失 (2016)
  • Author(s): 山口純弥，直井誠，中谷正生，森谷祐一，五十嵐俊博，Thabang Kgarume，村上理，Thabang Masakale, 矢部康男，大槻憲四郎， 川方裕則，石田毅 , Anthony Ward，Ray Durrheim，小笠原宏，南アフリカ金鉱山半制御地震発生実験国際共同研究グループ
  • Organizer: 地球惑星連合大会
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉市幕張メッセ
  • Year and Date: 2016-05-25
• [Presentation] Coseismic and aseismic response of the rock mass surrounding deep level mining operations (2016)
  • Author(s): A. Milev, R. Durrheim, M. Naoi, Y. Yabe, H. Ogasawara, and M. Nakatani
  • Organizer: EGU2016-2515
  • Place of Presentation: ウイーン Austria Center
  • Year and Date: 2016-04-18
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 薄板状鉱脈の採掘とともに規則的に形成する2次元状クラスタのb値と空間相関長の時間変化 (2015)
  • Author(s): 山形直毅，直井誠，石田毅，中谷正生，森谷祐一，村上理，Thabang Kgarume，Ray Durrheim，小笠原宏，南アフリカ金鉱山における半制御地震発生実験国際共同研究グループ
  • Organizer: 資源・素材学会 第12回若手研究者・学生のための研究発表会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-11
• [Presentation] Mw≧0級鉱山誘発地震に先行するAE活動度の加速の有無の検討 (2015)
  • Author(s): 北代雅明，直井誠，石田毅，中谷正生，森谷祐一，Thabang Kgarume，村上理，小笠原宏，Ray Durrheim，南アフリカ金鉱山における半制御地震発生実験国際共同研究グループ
  • Organizer: 資源・素材学会 第12回若手研究者・学生のための研究発表会
  • Place of Presentation: 京都
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-11
• [Presentation] Acoustic emission monitoring in Cooke 4 gold mine in South Africa-summary of the main findings of a 5-year SATREPS project - (2015)
  • Author(s): M. Naoi, M. Nakatani, H. Moriya, K. Otsuki, T. Kgarume, J. Philipp, O. Murakami, T. Masakale, L. Ribeiro, Y. Yabe, H. Kawakata, A. Ward, R. Durrheim, H. Ogasawara
  • Organizer: AGU Fall Meeting
  • Place of Presentation: San Francisco, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-10
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Acoustic Emissions delineating geological faults in the Cooke 4 (Ezulwini) mine (2015)
  • Author(s): M. Naoi
  • Organizer: ICDP DSeis workshop
  • Place of Presentation: South Africa
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-01
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 南アフリカ大深度金鉱山での地震被害低減のための震源至近距離観測研究 -SATREPS 等 6 カ 年の活動のまとめ - (2015)
  • Author(s): 小笠原宏，加藤春實，Gerhard Hofmann，矢部康男，Artur Cichowicz，堀内茂木，大久保慎人，中谷正生，直井誠，森谷祐一，村上理，佐藤隆司，川方裕則，吉光奈奈，Ray Durrheim，Anthony Ward，Alex Milev，山口照寛，中尾茂，伊藤高敏，Gerrie van Aswegen，SATREPS 研究グループ，ICDP計画準備グループ
  • Organizer: 日本地震学会秋季大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-27
• [Presentation] 南アフリカCooke 4金鉱山における微小破壊観測 -SATREPS計画５カ年のまとめ - (2015)
  • Author(s): 直井誠，中谷正生，森谷祐一，大槻憲四郎，Thabang Kgarume，Joachim Philipp, 村上理，Thabang Masakale，Luiz Ribeiro, 矢部康男，川方裕則，Anthony Ward，Ray Durrheim, 小笠原宏
  • Organizer: 日本地震学会秋季大会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-26
• [Presentation] Analysis of AEs delineating faults and implication for risk assessment in mines (2015)
  • Author(s): M. Naoi, M. Nakatani, K. Otsuki, O. Murakami, H. Moriya
  • Organizer: SATREPS Seminar
  • Place of Presentation: South Africa
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-05
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 南アフリカ大深度金鉱山の地質断層上で観測されたRepeating Earthquakeの出現と消失 (2015)
  • Author(s): 山口純弥，直井誠，中谷正生，森谷祐一，五十嵐俊博，Thabang Kgarume，村上理，Thabang Masakale, 矢部康男，大槻憲四郎， 川方裕則，石田毅 , Anthony Ward，Ray Durrheim，小笠原宏，南アフリカ金鉱山半制御地震発生実験国際共同研究グループ
  • Organizer: 地球惑星連合大会
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-25
• [Presentation] Evidence of post-seismic creep type deformations derived by tilt and acoustic emission monitoring of mining induced seismic events (2015)
  • Author(s): Milev, A., P.E. Share, M. Naoi, R. Durrheim, Y. Yabe, H. Ogasawara, and M. Nakatani
  • Organizer: EGU2015
  • Place of Presentation: Vienna, Austria
  • Year and Date: 2015-04-13
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Monitoring of microseismicity in deep gold mines in South Africa (2015)
  • Author(s): Yabe, Y., M. Nakatani, M. Naoi, H. Moriya, J. Philipp, C. Janssen, H.Kawakata, R. Durrheim, G. Dresen, and H. Ogasawara
  • Organizer: Schatzalp Induced Seismicity workshop
  • Place of Presentation: Davos, Switzerland
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-10
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Magnitude Mw = -5 Delineating Damages Around Mining Stopes and Pre-existing Faults: Spatial Distribution, Temporal Change and Source Parameters (2014)
  • Author(s): Makoto Naoi, Masao Nakatani, Hirokazu Moriya, Kenshiro Otsuki, Yasuo Yabe, Osamu Murakami, Hironori Kawakata, Hiroshi Ogasawara, Shigeki Horiuchi,Thabang Kgarume, Raymond Durrheim, Sifiso Khambule, Thabang Masakale, Luiz Ribeiro, Anthony Ward, Joachim Philipp
  • Organizer: Institute of Mine Seismology 24th Seminar on Monitoring & Modelling the Seismic Rock Mass Response to Mining
  • Place of Presentation: South Africa
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-14
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Observational studies in South African mines to mitigate seismic risks: implications for mine safety and tectonic earthquakes (2014)
  • Author(s): Raymond Durrheim, Hiroshi Ogaswara, Masao Nakatani, Yasuo Yabe, Alexander Milev, Artur Cichowicz, Hironori Kawakata, Hirokazu Moriya, Makoto Naoi, Thabang Kgarume, Osamu Murakami, and Siyanda Mngadi
  • Organizer: European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2014
  • Place of Presentation: Viena, Austria
  • Year and Date: 2014-04-24
  • Int'l Joint Research