| Budget Amount *help |
¥38,350,000 (Direct Cost: ¥29,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥8,850,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥8,190,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,890,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥5,850,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,350,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥6,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥7,670,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,770,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥10,140,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,340,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The out-of-phase population oscillations between anchovy and sardine (species alternations) have been synchronous between the Kuroshio and Humboldt Current systems (off Japan and Peru, respectively) across the Pacific. The present study conducted interspecific and intersystem comparisons of reproductive biology, early life biology, and fisheries biology of anchovy and sardine in relation to environmental variability in the Kuroshio and Humboldt Current systems. The responses to environmental factors were species-specific in each system. The anchovy-sardine relationships could be even reversed in the responses to physical factors and quite different in the responses to biological factors between the two systems. We conclude that such contrasting patterns would generate the synchronous species alternations under the reversed temperature regimes between the opposite sides of the Pacific.
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