| Budget Amount *help |
¥41,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥32,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,660,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥8,190,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,890,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥7,410,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,710,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥7,930,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,830,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥7,410,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,710,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥10,920,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,520,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
We had a number of results concerning the designated terms of the research: 1) ecological and sociological factors that influence the occurrence of intergroup encounters, 2) roles of males and females for the encounter, 3) roles of intergroup encounters and local communities on the female dispersal, and 4) relationships between the groups to which females belong and biological fathers of their offspring. Especially, the tendencies that intergroup encounter do not usually become aggressive when either of the parties includes only females and their offspring, and that patterns and targets of aggressive behaviors during intergroup encounter differ between males and females were in line with the main claim of this study that the meaning of "groups" should largely differ for males and females.
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