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Knowledge exploitation and patent system

Research Project

Project/Area Number 26285055
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypePartial Multi-year Fund
Section一般
Research Field Economic policy
Research InstitutionTokyo Keizai University (2015-2018)
Hitotsubashi University (2014)

Principal Investigator

nagaoka sadao  東京経済大学, 経済学部, 教授 (00255952)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 山内 勇  明治学院大学, 経済学部, 講師 (40548286)
大西 宏一郎  早稲田大学, 教育・総合科学学術院, 准教授 (60446581)
中村 健太  神戸大学, 経済学研究科, 准教授 (70507201)
岡田 吉美  一橋大学, 商学研究科, 教授 (20732647)
Research Collaborator Maeda Takahiro  一橋大学, 大学院
Kadowaki Makoto  一橋大学, イノベーション研究センター, 助教
Naito Yusuke  人工生命研究所, 代表取締役
Project Period (FY) 2014-04-01 – 2019-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2018)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,960,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Keywords知識の伝播 / 開示 / 特許制度 / 特許審査 / 特許価値 / 吸収能力 / 先行優位性 / 重複研究 / 知識 / 発明 / 革新的発明 / 引用
Outline of Final Research Achievements

With the introduction of the pre-grant publication system in Japan and US as natural experiments, this research project has found that the pre-grant publication not only increased the speed of knowledge diffusion from the invention, but also enhanced the first mover advantage of the disclosed invention on average. Also, we analyzed the effect of the introduction of the mandatory disclosure of prior arts in Japan in 2002, and found that the quality of disclosure improved, with the effect of shortening the examination period, and that the predictive power of inventor citations with respect to the patent value also increased. Consistent with these results, we also found that the extent to which the patent examination reduces the scope of the patent is greater as the applicant's disclosure quality is lower. In addition, we obtained new findings on the inventor's ability to absorb knowledge, the information constraint on the Patent Office, and the knowledge flow effect of grace period.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

特許制度は、発明の保護だけではなく、発明を公開し、技術知識の普及を促進し、研究開発の重複を避ける役割も担っているが、学術的な研究も政策的関心も従来は最初の役割に集中してきた。本研究は、日米の公開制度導入等の効果、出願人の開示の質、発明者の知識吸収能力、特許庁の情報制約、新規性喪失の例外など、公開の効果や公開された知識の活用について包括的でかつ多角的な角度から、新たな実証分析を行った。その研究成果は、国際学会でも評価を得、国際査読ジャーナルでも掲載されつつある。公開の効果について理解が深まり、今後、特許制度の設計においても、それを高める工夫がされる契機となることが期待される。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2018 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2017 Annual Research Report
  • 2016 Annual Research Report
  • 2015 Annual Research Report
  • 2014 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (38 results)

All 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014

All Journal Article (5 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 2 results,  Open Access: 1 results,  Acknowledgement Compliant: 1 results) Presentation (32 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 21 results,  Invited: 2 results) Funded Workshop (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Making the patent scope consistent with the invention: Evidence from Japan2018

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimi Okada, Yusuke Naito, Sadao Nagaoka
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Economics and Management Strategy

      Volume: 3 Pages: 607-625

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Making the patent scope consistent with the invention: Evidence from Japany2018

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimi Okada, Yusuke Naito and Sadao Nagaoka
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Economics & Management Strategy

      Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 3 Pages: 607-625

    • DOI

      10.1111/jems.12266

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] How does Graduate Education Affect Inventive Performance? Evidence from Undergraduates’ Choices during Recessions2017

    • Author(s)
      Koichiro Onishi and Sadao Nagaoka
    • Journal Title

      RIETI Discussion Paper Series

      Volume: 18-e-016 Pages: 1-31

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Information Constraint of the Patent Office and Examination Quality: Evidence from the effects of initiation lags2017

    • Author(s)
      Nagaoka Sadao and Isamu Yamauchi
    • Journal Title

      RIETI Discussion Paper

      Volume: 17-E-040 Pages: 1-32

    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Contribution of Patent Examination to Making the Patent Scope Consistent with the Invention: Evidence from Japan2016

    • Author(s)
      Okada, Yoshimi, Yusuke Naito and Sadao Nagaoka
    • Journal Title

      RIETI Discussion Paper

      Volume: 16-E-092 Pages: 1-53

    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] How does Graduate Education Affect Inventive Performance? Evidence from Undergraduates’ Choices during Recessions2018

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      EARIE 2018 (the European Association for Research in Industrial Economics) ( ギリシャ、Athens University of economics and business、2018年9月1日)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Does a grace period promote knowledge spillover? Evidence from Japan2018

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      2018 EESM(European Econometric Society Meeting) (独、Cologne University、2018年8月28日http://www.eea-esem-congresses.org/doc/upload/018_Programm_EEA_ESEM_MH_WEB20180825101418.pdf
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Does a grace period promote knowledge spillover? Evidence from Japan2018

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      the Workshop and Lecture Series on the Law & Economics of Innovation Fall 2018(チューリッヒのスイス連邦工科大学(ETH, Zurich)からの招待で、同大学とジュネーブ大学との共同プログラム)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Making the patent scope consistent with the invention: Evidence from Japan2018

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      the Workshop and Lecture Series on the Law & Economics of Innovation Fall 2018(チューリッヒのスイス連邦工科大学(ETH, Zurich)からの招待で、同大学とジュネーブ大学との共同プログラム)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Assessing the economic effects of early patent disclosure: evidence from the introduction of pre‐grant publication system in Japan2018

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      Asia Pacific Innovation Conference(インドのデリー経済大学、Delhi School of Economics)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Dose grace period promote knowledge spillover? : evidence from Japan2018

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      CEPR and RIETI Joint Workshop on Science and Innovation
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 特許制度の開示効果:先行技術文献開示制度の導入による影響分析2017

    • Author(s)
      前田高宏
    • Organizer
      特許制度に関わる実証研究ワークショップ
    • Place of Presentation
      一橋大学
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-18
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Information constraint of the patent office and examination quality: Evidence from the effects of initiation lag2017

    • Author(s)
      山内 勇
    • Organizer
      特許制度に関わる実証研究ワークショップ
    • Place of Presentation
      一橋大学
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-18
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Information Constraint of the Patent Office and Examination Quality: Evidence from the Effects of Initiation Lag2017

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      Asian meeting of the Econometric Society 2017 at Hong Kong
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Transfers of patent ownership in Japan: first look at their incidence and economic roles2017

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      IPSDM (Intellectual Property Statistics for Decision Makers ) at Mexico City
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] How does Graduate Education Affect Inventive Performance?2017

    • Author(s)
      Koichi Onishi
    • Organizer
      Asia Pacific Innovation Conference, Wellington, New Zealand
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Transfers of patent ownership in Japan: first look at their incidence and economic roles2017

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      Asia Pacific Innovation Conference, Wellington, New Zealand
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Information constraint of the patent office and examination quality: Evidence from the effects of initiation lag2016

    • Author(s)
      Isamu Yamauchi
    • Organizer
      7th Asia Pacific Innovation Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyushu University
    • Year and Date
      2016-11-20
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 出願人引用及び審査官引用と特許権の私的価値:日本特許からの証拠2016

    • Author(s)
      前田高宏
    • Organizer
      日本経済学会秋大会(早稲田大学)
    • Place of Presentation
      早稲田大学
    • Year and Date
      2016-09-10
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Contribution of Patent Examination to Making the Patent Scope Consistent with the Invention: Evidence from Japan2016

    • Author(s)
      Okada, Yoshimi
    • Organizer
      11th Annual Conference of the EPIP Association 2016
    • Place of Presentation
      Oxford University, Oxford, U.K.
    • Year and Date
      2016-09-05
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Information constraint of the patent office and examination quality: Evidence from the effects of initiation lag2016

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      43rd Annual Conference of the European Association for Research in Industrial Economics
    • Place of Presentation
      Nova School of Business and Economics
    • Year and Date
      2016-08-27
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Contribution of Patent Examination to Making the Patent Scope Consistent with the Invention: Evidence from Japan2016

    • Author(s)
      Okada, Yoshimi
    • Organizer
      43rd EARIE Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      Nova School of Business, Lisbon, Portugal
    • Year and Date
      2016-08-26
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Contribution of Patent Examination to Making the Patent Scope Consistent with the Invention: Evidence from Japan2016

    • Author(s)
      Okada, Yoshimi
    • Organizer
      2016 Asian Meeting of the Econometric Society (AMES2016)
    • Place of Presentation
      Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
    • Year and Date
      2016-08-11
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Contribution of Patent Examination to Making the Patent Scope Consistent with the Invention: Evidence from Japan2016

    • Author(s)
      Okada, Yoshimi
    • Organizer
      日本経済学会2016年度春季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋大学、名古屋市
    • Year and Date
      2016-06-18
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Claim length as a value predictor and as an outcome measure of patent examination2015

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimi Okada
    • Organizer
      6th Asia Pacific Innovation Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      Zhejiang University, China
    • Year and Date
      2015-11-20
    • Related Report
      2015 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Information constraint of the patent office and examination efficiency: evidence from the effects of initiation lag2015

    • Author(s)
      Isamu Yamauchi
    • Organizer
      IPSDM (IP Statistics for Decision Makers Conference) OECD
    • Place of Presentation
      European Patent Office, Austria
    • Year and Date
      2015-11-02
    • Related Report
      2015 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Claim length as a value predictor and as an outcome measure of patent examination2015

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimi Okada
    • Organizer
      IPSDM (IP Statistics for Decision Makers Conference) OECD
    • Place of Presentation
      European Patent Office, Austria
    • Year and Date
      2015-11-02
    • Related Report
      2015 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 発明者による先行技術開示の選択とその効果2015

    • Author(s)
      前田高宏
    • Organizer
      日本経済学会2015年度秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      上智大学、日本
    • Year and Date
      2015-10-10
    • Related Report
      2015 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Effects of early patent disclosure on knowledge dissemination: evidence from the impacts of introducing Pre-Grant Publication System in the United States2015

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimi Okada
    • Organizer
      EPIP((European Policy for Intellectual Property)
    • Place of Presentation
      University of Glasgow, UK
    • Year and Date
      2015-09-02
    • Related Report
      2015 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Effects of stronger disclosure rule on applicants’ behavior and on examination efficiency: Evidence from Japan2015

    • Author(s)
      Sadao Nagaoka
    • Organizer
      EPIP((European Policy for Intellectual Property)
    • Place of Presentation
      University of Glasgow,UK
    • Year and Date
      2015-09-02
    • Related Report
      2015 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Effects of early patent disclosure on knowledge dissemination: evidence from the impacts of introducing Pre-Grant Publication System in the United States2015

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimi Okada
    • Organizer
      EARIE( European Association for Research in Industrial Economics)
    • Place of Presentation
      Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Germany
    • Year and Date
      2015-08-30
    • Related Report
      2015 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Effects of Early Patent Disclosure on Knowledge Dissemination: Evidence from the Impact of Introducing Pre-Grant Publication System in the United States2015

    • Author(s)
      岡田吉美
    • Organizer
      日本経済学会2015年度春季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      新潟大学、日本
    • Year and Date
      2015-05-23
    • Related Report
      2015 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Effects of early patent disclosure on knowledge: evidence from the impact of introducing Pre-Grant Publication System in the United States2015

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimi Okada
    • Organizer
      Workshop on the Disclosure Function of the Patent System
    • Place of Presentation
      First floor of National Center of Sciences Building (Chiyoda Campus of Hitotubashi University)
    • Year and Date
      2015-03-07
    • Related Report
      2014 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 特許出願公開制度の知識普及における効果-米国の制度改正に基づく検証2014

    • Author(s)
      岡田吉美
    • Organizer
      日本知財学会第112回年次学術研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京理科大学
    • Year and Date
      2014-11-30
    • Related Report
      2014 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 特許制度の開示効果:記載要件強化の影響に関する分析2014

    • Author(s)
      前田高宏
    • Organizer
      日本知財学会第112回年次学術研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京理科大学
    • Year and Date
      2014-11-30
    • Related Report
      2014 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Effects of early patent disclosure on knowledge: evidence from the impact of introducing Pre-Grant Publication System in the United States2014

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimi Okada
    • Organizer
      5th Asia Pacific Innovation Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      University of Technology Sydney, Australia
    • Year and Date
      2014-11-29
    • Related Report
      2014 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Effects of early patent disclosure on knowledge: evidence from the impact of introducing Pre-Grant Publication System in the United States2014

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimi Okada
    • Organizer
      IP Statistics for Decision Makers (IPSDM),Tokyo
    • Place of Presentation
      Hotel Okura, Tokyo, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2014-11-17 – 2014-11-18
    • Related Report
      2014 Annual Research Report
  • [Funded Workshop] 7th Asia Pacific Innovation Conference2016

    • Place of Presentation
      Kyushu University
    • Year and Date
      2016-11-18
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2014-04-04   Modified: 2020-03-30  

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