| Budget Amount *help |
¥14,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,360,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥2,730,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥630,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥6,890,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,590,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
It was found that household water treatment (HWT) can increase the access to safe drinking water in Hanoi by 8% to 20%. A HWT using reverse osmosis membrane can remove fluoride in groundwater in Chiang Mai. In Kathmandu, Nepal, a half of the residents can use piped water less than 6 hours per week, and a half of the piped water samples were contaminated by E. coli. However, HWTs can increase the access to safe drinking water from 42% to 80%. It was revealed by a questionnaire survey that the zero customers, who do not use piped water even they are connected, are small in their numbers in coastal areas, but a large proportion of the residents are zero customers in inland areas where they can use groundwater.
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