| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Grid operations and key rules enabling integration of wind and photovoltaic systems into the power network system in Japan and Germany were analyzed in this study. The research focuses on reverse power flow from low voltage and medium voltage grids to high voltage grids. German grid operators flexibly transmit electricity in a bidirectional way, depending on the power output from renewable electricity. German grid operators prioritize purchase of renewable electricity and transmit it to the upstream grid as necessary. In Japan, grid operation is unidirectional and uses a downward power flow based on electricity from nuclear power and large-scale coal power plants. Renewable electricity has no legal definition with regard to upstream transmission. The Renewable Energy Act in Japan does not oblige utility companies to expand their grid capacity.
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