Studies on Galileo's Manuscripts of Astronomical Observations

• Project/Area Number: 26350362
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Sociology/History of science and technology
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: ITO Kazuyuki 京都大学, 文学研究科, 教授 (60273421)
• Project Period (FY): 2014-04-01 – 2017-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2016)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000); Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
• Keywords: 科学革命 / ガリレオ・ガリレイ / 天体観測 / 望遠鏡 / 手稿 / 宇宙論の革命 / 『星界の報告』 / 太陽黒点 / 太陽中心説 / 宇宙論 / 木星の衛星 / Smart－GS / ガリレオ / Smart-GS

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study examines the astronomical observations made by Galileo Galilei in his manuscripts (letters, observation notes, and drafts of books) and compares them with his books (Sidereus nuncius and Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie solari). The study clarifies his critique of traditional cosmology and the development of his new cosmology based on the observation results he made using the telescope. His astronomical observations are not merely simple observations, but are highly dependent on theory. The observation results of the celestial world can be understood by their analogy to the terrestrial world, revealing his denial of the invariability and perfectness of the celestial world, which is the core principle of traditional cosmology. We find this attitude of research constantly in his observations of the moon, satellites of Jupiter, and the sunspots, by which Galileo extended the terrestrial world to the celestial world.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Galileo's early observations of sunspots (2017)
  • Author(s): Kazuyuki ITO
  • Journal Title: 科学哲学科学史研究（PHS Studies） Volume: 11 Pages: 55-64
  • NAID: 120006223656
  • Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] ガリレオの天体観測（２）―木星の衛星― (2016)
  • Author(s): 伊藤和行
  • Journal Title: 科学哲学科学史研究 Volume: 10 Pages: 43-54
  • NAID: 120005741188
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] ガリレオの天体観測（１）－月－ (2015)
  • Author(s): 伊藤和行
  • Journal Title: 科学哲学科学史研究 Volume: 9 Pages: 103-114
  • NAID: 120005593659
• [Presentation] ガリレオの太陽黒点論―観測と理論― (2017)
  • Author(s): 伊藤和行
  • Organizer: 科学基礎論学会
  • Place of Presentation: 琉球大学（沖縄県・中頭郡西原町）
  • Year and Date: 2017-06-17
• [Presentation] ガリレオの天体観測―観察と理論― (2016)
  • Author(s): 伊藤和行
  • Organizer: 科学基礎路学会
  • Place of Presentation: 埼玉大学（埼玉県・さいたま市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-06-18
• [Presentation] ガリレオ『星界の報告』のテキストをめぐって (2016)
  • Author(s): 伊藤和行
  • Organizer: 日本科学史学会
  • Place of Presentation: 工学院大学（東京都・新宿区）
  • Year and Date: 2016-05-28
• [Presentation] ガリレオの天体観測―理論と経験 (2015)
  • Author(s): 伊藤和行
  • Organizer: 科学基礎論学会講演会
  • Place of Presentation: 北海道教育大学札幌校（北海道・札幌市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-13
• [Presentation] ガリレオの木星観測 (2015)
  • Author(s): 伊藤和行
  • Organizer: 日本科学史学会年会
  • Place of Presentation: 大阪市立大学杉本キャンパス（大阪府・大阪市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-31
• [Presentation] ガリレオの天体観測における地球のアナロジー (2014)
  • Author(s): 伊藤和行
  • Organizer: 日本科学史学会西日本研究大会
  • Place of Presentation: 広島大学東千田校舎
  • Year and Date: 2014-12-14
• [Presentation] ガリレオ『星界の報告』における月の図版 (2014)
  • Author(s): 伊藤和行
  • Organizer: 日本科学史学会年会
  • Place of Presentation: 酪農学園大学
  • Year and Date: 2014-05-24 – 2014-05-25
• [Remarks] ガリレオの天体観測に関する手稿の研究
  • URL: http://kazu-ito.sakura.ne.jp/GalileStudies.html