| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The dynamics of population in modern and contemporary Russia has passed through the following four stages: (1) high fertility and high mortality stage until the 1920's, (2) high fertility and low mortality stage in the 1930's and 1960's, (3) low fertility and low mortality stage in the 1970's and 1980's, and (4) very low mortality stage since the 1990's. The infant mortality rate, which has led to the first demographic transition from the above mentioned first stage to the third stage, decreased from the level of about 250 ‰ or more (the extremely high level) in the first stage to about 20 ‰ in the third stage. This rate has improved to around 5 ‰ in the fourth stage which is the second demographic transition.
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