| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
There are fundamental gaps in our understanding of the Nara period: the use of the term komikkyo; the character of eighth-century kami representation; icon production outside Kinai, especially Kyushu; statues and temples before the Todaiji Daibutsuden. My research notes the dearth of appropriate terms and concepts for the “esoteric” and the limitations posed by few remaining icons. In order to understand the nature of eighth-century icons we must revise our notions about what constitutes “Buddhism” during certain periods, recognize misleading ideas about kami-related practices and their modern sources, and endeavor to critique the history promoted in the Nihonshoki--especially as it relates to the formation of a Chinese-style imperial state--to understand the relationships of ruler and religious institutions and practices ca 820 and the opportunity it provides to reexamine early Nara temples and shrines. Last, we should dispose of terms like “old Mikkyo.”
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