| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This study investigated the nineteenth century American discourse shared in American Renaissance and the opening of Japan. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Matthew C. Perry had a certain connection through maritime affairs, to which researchers have paid little attention. This study clarified biographical facts of Hawthorne's social relationships with the U.S. Navy, and Perry's literary tastes acquired from his family environment. These backgrounds led to both sharing a naval discourse and literary imagination peculiar to maritime America. This affords a better understanding of Perry's endeavors of employing music and theatrical performances as a disciplinary device on board and "his chief cultural weapon" for opening Japan, later requesting Hawthorne to compile a record of the expedition. The results of this present study have been published in four academic conferences and two journal articles. An essay collection and translation projects are in progress.
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