| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The English perfect can have multiple interpretations. Previous studies have regarded the co-occurrence of those interpretations with temporal adverbials such as for-adverbials and since-adverbials and the correlation between the interpretations and the sentential positions of those adverbials as evidence for the ambiguity of the perfect. This study looks at naturally occurring language data and shows that the correlation between the interpretations of the English present perfect and those temporal adverbial phrases are merely pragmatic tendencies. It also shows that the tendencies can be explained based on the information structure. That is, the temporal adverbials in sentence-initial position are regarded as frame setting topics, which also function as contrastive topics. This contrastive topicality causes strong pragmatic tendencies in the interpretations of the present perfect.
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